Ayala, D. E.1; Hermida, R. C.1; Mojon, A.1; Fernandez, J. R.1; Alonso, I.1; Aguilar, M. F.2; Codesido, J.2; Iglesias, M.2 Author Information
A dispersion containing 15nm gold particles in ethanol was subjected to electrohydrodynamic atomization, producing droplets with an average size of ≈26μm as measured by laser diffraction. An electrohydrodynamic direct-write device was used to deposit the dispersion onto silicon wafers with the intention of printing gold tracks. Immediately after deposition ethanol evaporated, leaving the gold particles organised in a ≈75μm wide central region surrounded by two regions, each ≈50μm wide, at the edge of which two further gold tracks, each ≈7μm existed.
Gas-solid flow behavior of the bottom zone of a 65t/h High-low bed CFB was simulated using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package Fluent. The Eulerian-Eulerian model (EEM) based on the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) was adopted. This approach treated each phase as continuous separately. The link between the gas and solid phases was through drag model and turbulence model. While the turbulence was simulated by the standard k-ε and mixture multiphase model, the Gidaspow drag model was used to model the interphase interaction. Four phases were set to achieve size distribution in the EEM. Gas and solid flow profiles are obtained for solid velocity, solid volume fraction, pressure, and size distribution. The results show that EEM can predict preferably the internal circulation process of the dense zone high-low bed CFB.
The recent accumulation of information from genomes, including their sequences, has resultednotonlyinnewattemptstoansweroldquestionsandsolvelongstandingissues inbiology,butalsointheformulationofnovelh
ABSTRACT Little attention has been paid to the bryophytes for application on the human diet, despite the presence of 23,000 species worldwide. Some mosses and liverworts produce significant levels of terpenoids and polyphenolic compounds possessing characteristic odors and tastes, and cytotoxic antimicrobial, antifungal, anti‐oxidant, diuretic, anti‐obesity, and many others and they contain significant nutrients such as lipids including highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamins. Since Asakawa and his coworkers reported the original papers, review articles, and books concerning the isolation and structure elucidation as well as their bio‐ and pharmacological activity, and chemosystematics of bryophytes, many reviews on phytochemicals and their potential pharmaceutical application have been published. Herein, the distribution of several representative terpenoids, polyphenolic compounds and polyketides, having biological and pharmacological activity in bryophytes and application of bryophytes to foods and food additives are surveyed.
Abstract Motivation Advances in sequencing technologies have made it feasible to obtain massive datasets for phylogenomic inference, often consisting of large numbers of loci from multiple species and individuals. The phylogenomic analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data implies a complex computational pipeline where multiple technical and methodological decisions are necessary that can influence the final tree obtained, like those related to coverage, assembly, mapping, variant calling and/or phasing. Results To assess the influence of these variables we introduce NGSphy, an open-source tool for the simulation of Illumina reads/read counts obtained from haploid/diploid individual genomes with thousands of independent gene families evolving under a common species tree. In order to resemble real NGS experiments, NGSphy includes multiple options to model sequencing coverage (depth) heterogeneity across species, individuals and loci, including off-target or uncaptured loci. For comprehensive simulations covering multiple evolutionary scenarios, parameter values for the different replicates can be sampled from user-defined statistical distributions. Availability Source code, full documentation and tutorials including a quick start guide are available at http://github.com/merlyescalona/ngsphy . Contact merlyescalona@uvigo.es . dposada@uvigo.es
Particle shape plays an important role in controlling the optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of nanoparticle suspensions as well as nanocomposites. However, characterizing the size, shape, and the associated polydispersity of nanoparticles is not straightforward. Electron microscopy provides an accurate measurement of the geometric properties, but sample preparation can be laborious, and to obtain statistically relevant data many particles need to be analyzed separately. Moreover, when the particles are suspended in a fluid, it is important to measure their hydrodynamic properties, as they determine aspects such as diffusion and the rheological behavior of suspensions. Methods that evaluate the dynamics of nanoparticles such as light scattering and rheo-optical methods accurately provide these hydrodynamic properties, but do necessitate a sufficient optical response. In the present work, three different methods for characterizing nonspherical gold nanoparticles are critically compared, especially taking into account the complex optical response of these particles. The different methods are evaluated in terms of their versatility to asses size, shape, and polydispersity. Among these, the rheo-optical technique is shown to be the most reliable method to obtain hydrodynamic aspect ratio and polydispersity for nonspherical gold nanoparticles for two reasons. First, the use of the evolution of the orientation angle makes effects of polydispersity less important. Second, the use of an external flow field gives a mathematically more robust relation between particle motion and aspect ratio, especially for particles with relatively small aspect ratios.
