65 publications from this institution
In this paper, we propose a Configurable Model Based DSS capable of dealing with generic problems being modeled by Linear Programming (LP) and by Fuzzy Sets (FS) in a deterministic and uncertain context, respectively. The DSS assumes the transformation of the original model with fuzzy coefficients into an equivalent crisp model where the fuzzy coefficients are represented as alpha-parametric values, which can vary in a predefined interval based on the alpha parameter. Through the DSS, solutions obtained by solving the deterministic model and the equivalent crisp model for different alpha-values are compared based on the objectives and performance parameters defined by the Decision Maker (DM). Due to the uncertainty in data, expected performance of solutions can change under real situations. The DSS allows simulating future real situations by generating different projections of uncertain parameters. New performance of previously generated solutions can be tested under these hypothetical real situations by means a third model (Model for the Real Performance Assessment). Finally, the DM can choose the solution to be implemented taking into account the performance of solutions under planned and real uncertainty.
Las conducciones con perfil irregular presentan una serie de particularidades que no pueden ser ignoradas, como puede ser la posible cavitación en los puntos altos. Para evitar el colapso de la conducción se recurre a la instalación de ventosas, las cuales permiten la entrada de aire cuando la presión en el interior de la tubería es inferior a la atmosférica. Pero el aire introducido en la conducción debe ser expulsado cuando se vuelva a producir el llenado de la tubería, y ello debe hacerse de forma adecuada para evitar sobrepresiones indeseables. La presencia de ventosas no siempre ofrece la fiabilidad necesaria y puede llevar a situaciones más adversas de las que se pretendían evitar. Incluso sin ventosas, el aire puede entrar en la conducción a través de las juntas, válvulas, etc., durante las interrupciones temporales del suministro, situación muy común en sistemas de riego pero que debería evitarse en abastecimientos urbanos. El aire atrapado entre dos columnas de agua en una conducción a presión, con o sin ventosas, puede provocar importantes sobrepresiones cuando se proceda al arranque de la instalación. En el presente artículo se pretende estudiar y modelizar el problema del llenado de tuberías con aire atrapado para predecir el transitorio que se producirá y tratar de evaluar los peligrosos picos de presión que pueden generarse. No se contempla la presencia de ventosas por cuanto supone considerar las peores condiciones y, en consecuencia, la situación más desfavorable. Se utiliza el modelo rígido para analizar el comportamiento de n bolsas de aire atrapado en tuberías de perfil irregular y se aplica a un caso concreto, del cual se extraen interesantes conclusiones.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Air pockets in water distribution networks can cause various operational issues, as their expansion during drainage operations leads to sub-atmospheric conditions that may result in pipeline collapse depending on soil conditions and pipe stiffness. This study presents an analytical solution for calculating air pocket pressure, water column length, and water velocity during drainage operations in a pipeline with an entrapped air pocket and a closed upstream end. The existing system of three differential equations is reduced to two first-order nonlinear differential equations, enabling a rigorous analysis of the existence and uniqueness of solutions. The system is then further reduced to a single secondorder nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE), providing an intuitive framework for examining the physical behaviour of the hydraulic and thermodynamic variables. Furthermore, through a change of variables, the second-order ODE is transformed into a first-order linear ODE, facilitating the derivation of an analytical solution. The analytical solution is validated by comparing it with a numerical solution. Additionally, a practical application demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed tool in predicting the extreme pressure values in the air pocket during the water drainage process in a pipe, within a controlled environment.
For the design of stormwater pumping stations, there is often uncertainty regarding the selection of an appropriate rainfall event to determine the required pumping capacity and temporary storage volume for managing extreme events of a given magnitude. To account for the risk of system failure, the return period is considered, as recommended based on the size of the catchment’s drainage area or other considerations, depending on the local regulations of a country. This study focused on analysing the direct runoff volume from the catchment, the storage volume required for the operation of the pumping system, and the order of magnitude of the design flow rate. The results indicate that a rainfall event with a duration of at least twice the time of concentration should be used. The design flow rate should range between 50% and 70% of the peak discharge, and designing for flow rates near the peak is not advisable, as it can lead to intermittent pump operation and result in an oversized installed capacity. The methodology developed in this research was applied to the Coastal Protection Project located in the city of Cartagena, Colombia, which includes a 2045.6-m-long box culvert with a cross-sectional area of 2 × 2 m, and three pumping stations, each equipped with three pumps rated at 0.75 m3/s, for a total installed capacity of 6.75 m3/s.
No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Revista Recursos Hídricos
No abstract is provided for this article.
