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A Convenient Route to 3′‐Deoxy‐α‐ L ‐ and 3′‐Deoxy‐β‐ D ‐apionucleosides The cyclic thionocarbonate 3 , easily available in three steps from 3′‐ O ‐benzoyl‐2,3‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ D ‐apio‐β‐ D ‐furanose ( 1 ), is deoxygenated with n ‐Bu 3 SnH to yield the 3′‐deoxy epimers 4 [methyl 3‐C‐(benzoyloxymethyl)‐3‐deoxy‐α‐ L ‐ threo ‐tetrofuranoside] and 6 [methyl 3‐ C ‐(benzoyloxymethyl)‐3‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐ erythro ‐tetrofuranoside]. These are separated by chromatography and further converted to the 3′‐deoxy‐α‐ L ‐apionucleosides 11–13 , and the 3′‐deoxy‐β‐ D ‐apionucleosides 17–19 , respectively.
We here report that after infection with human herpesvirus 6A, human cord blood mononuclear cells accumulate in G 2 /M phase of the cell cycle. Experiments with foscarnet or ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiated virus stocks pointed at an (immediate‐)early, newly formed viral protein to be responsible for the arrest. At the molecular level, p53, cyclin B 1 , cyclin A and tyrosine 15 ‐phosphorylated cdk1 accumulated after HHV‐6A infection, indicating an arrest in G 2 . However, no change was observed in the levels of downstream effectors of p53 in establishing a G 2 arrest, i.e. p21 and 14‐3‐3σ. We thus conclude that the HHV‐6A‐induced G 2 arrest occurs independently of p53 accumulation.
This paper presents the design and fabrication process of a spherical-omnidirectional ultrasound transducer for underwater sensor network applications. The transducer is based on the vibration of two hemispheres with a thickness of 1 mm and an outer diameter of 10 mm, which are actuated by two piezoelectric ring elements. Since the ultrasound wave is generated by the vibration of the two hemispheres, a matching layer is not required. Silicon Carbide (SiC) is used as the material of the hemispherical shells of the transducer. The shells were fabricated by laser sintering as an additive manufacturing method, in which the hemispheres were built layer by layer from a powder bed. All manufactured transducers with an outer dimension of 10 × 14.2 mm and a center frequency of 155 kHz were measured in a water tank by a hydrophone or in mutual communication. The circumferential source level was measured to vary less than 5dB. The power consumption and the insertion loss of the transducer, ranging from 100 μ W to 2.4 mW and 21.2 dB, respectively, along with all other measurements, prove that the transducer can transmit and receive ultrasound waves omnidirectionally at tens of centimeters intervals with a decent power consumption and low actuation voltage.
No abstract is provided for this article.
E-5-(2-Iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (IvdUrd), a highly selective and potent anti-herpes agent, is phosphorylated by primary rabbit kidney (PRK) cells that have been infected with either herpes simplex virus type 1 (KOS) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (G). However, IvdUrd is not phosphorylated by mock-infected PRK cells or PRK cells that have been infected with a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (B 2006). These observations strengthen the concept that the selectivity of IvdUrd and related E-5-(2-halogenovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines as anti-herpes agents depends on a specific phosphorylation by the virus-encoded thymidine kinase.
No abstract is provided for this article.
