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Abstract A highly efficient one‐pot three‐component synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates is presented.

Novel 3'-spiro nucleoside analogues of the potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor TSAO-T have been designed, synthesized and tested for their in vitro anti-retroviral activity against HIV-1. In these TSAO analogues the spiro amino-oxathioledioxide moiety was replaced by other spiro moieties that maintained an NH group at the same position as the 4″-NH2 group in the prototype compound TSAO-T. Anti-HIV-1 activity, although around 100-fold less pronounced than that of the parent TSAO-m3T derivative, was observed for the spiro oxazolone derivative. The spiro oxathiazoledioxide compound also showed antiviral activity. The corresponding β-D-xylofuranosyl analogues were devoid of antiviral activity; this is in accordance with the behaviour of TSAO-m3T. None of the test compounds were inhibitory to HIV-2 replication. The markedly decreased potency of the spiro oxathiazoledioxide and oxazolone compounds against HIV-1 replication is in agreement with their decreased anti-HIV-1 RT activity.

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Novel anomeric spironucleosides and 1'-cyano-2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, a structural analogue of known anti-HIV agents, were prepared by nucleophilic addition of organolithium reagents to 1'-cyano-2'-deoxy- and 1'-cyano-2'-deoxy-2'beta-bromo-uridine derivatives, respectively. The yield and distribution of products depended on the reaction conditions, which were studied in detail. Although none of the compounds exhibited antiviral activity, two compounds displayed cytostatic activity against both murine leukemia and human T-lymphocyte cells.

New 3-deaza-3-halouracil nucleosides including 3-deaza-3-fluorouridine and its 2'-deoxy and arabino analogues have been prepared by fluorination of protected precursors. The resulting 3,3-difluoropyridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives underwent palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of one C-F bond at atmospheric pressure, and deprotection gave the 3-deaza-3-fluorouracil compounds. Selective reaction of a stabilized Wittig reagent at C4 of the 3,3-difluoro-2,4-dione intermediates gave exocyclic alkenes that underwent hydrogenation accompanied by spontaneous elimination of hydrogen fluoride. Ammonolysis of the exocyclic carbethoxymethyl substituent and ester protecting groups gave 4-(carboxamidomethyl)-3-deaza-3-fluorouridine and its analogues. Grignard additions at C4 of the ribo and 2'-deoxy 3,3-difluoro-2,4-dione intermediates followed by deprotection gave the 3-deaza-3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-4-(substituted)uracil nucleosides. The cytostatic activity of 3-fluoro-3-deazauridine (CC(50) = 4.4-9.6 microM) in three cancer cell lines paralleled that of 3-deazauridine, whereas no significant inhibitory activity was observed with a variety of virus-infected cell cultures.

The novel 3-hydroxypropylamide derivatives of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and their phosphoroamidate prodrugs: synthesis, cytostatic and antiviral activity evaluations

Novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with a pyrimidine base preferentially containing an amino group at C-2 and C-4 and a 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy or (R)-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy group at C-6 selectively inhibit the replication of wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B viruses. The activity of the most potent compounds was comparable to that of adefovir.