4,552 publications from this institution
The antiviral activity spectrum of (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) is not restricted to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) but also encompasses several other herpesviruses such as suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV-1), bovid herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), simian varicella virus (SVV), herpesvirus saimiri, herpesvirus platyrrhinae, and the baculovirus Trichoplusia ni multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Other herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus type 2, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus are also inhibited by BVdU, albeit to a lesser extent than HSV-1, VZV, SHV-1, BHV-1 and SVV.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Compared with vaccines, antivirals for curbing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) have been developed at a much lower pace. Favipiravir has proven efficacious (in hamsters) but only at a very high dose which may not be feasible in humans. Remdesivir is the sole antiviral approved by the US FDA, but it has not been extensively evaluated for its safety. EIDD-1931 and EIDD-2801 have not been evaluated clinically. Mpro (protease) inhibitors likewise need to be subjected to clinical efficacy and safety studies. Remdesivir is a C-nucleoside and this class of compounds should be further evaluated. Polyanionic substances interfering with virus adsorption to the host cells have not been explored. They may possibly be administered by inhalation. Corticosteroids (such as dexamethasone), while virus-stimulating rather than inhibitory, may counteract the ‘cytokine storm’. Combination of (two or more of) the compounds mentioned above may offer an increased benefit through a synergistic interaction.
Selective laser melting (SLM) is characterized by highly localized heat input and short interaction times, which lead to large thermal gradients. In this research, nine different materials are processed via SLM and compared. The resulting microstructures are characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Residual stresses are measured qualitatively using a novel deflection method and quantitatively using X-ray diffraction. Microcracking, surface oxidation and the anisotropy of the residual stress are discussed. The different phenomena interacting with the buildup of residual stress make it difficult to distinguish the possible correlations between material parameters and the magnitude of residual stresses.
BVDU [(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine) is an extremely potent and selective inhibitor of HSV 1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) and VZV (varicella zoster virus) replication: in primary rabbit kidney and/or human diploid fibroblast cultures these viruses are inhibited at a drug concentration of about 0.01 µg/ml (0.03 µM). The selective antiherpes activity of BVDU resides in a specific inhibition of viral DNA synthesis, which, in turn, depends on at least two factors: (i), phosphorylation of BVDU by the virus-encoded dThd (deoxythymidine) kinase and, (ii), inhibition of the virus-induced DNA polymerase by the resulting BVDUTP (BVDU 5′-triphosphate). Both viral enzymes appear to contribute to the selective antiherpes action of BVDU. While BVDUTP is a specific inhibitor of HSV 1 DNA polymerase, it remains to be established whether it can also serve as substrate for this enzyme. Unlike 5-halogenated deoxyuridines [i.e. IDU (5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine)], BVDU does not induce the production of oncogenic RNA viruses in mouse (i.e. BALB/3T3) cell lines.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Selective laser melting (SLM) is used to manufacture dense NiTi parts. The microstructure and texture are assessed (before and after annealing followed by furnace cooling) and linked to the compression behaviour and shape memory response. It is shown that SLM strongly orients the fine austenite subgrains towards the building direction. This texture induces the highest spring back along the building (vertical) direction and the lowest along the horizontal direction after compression. The compressive stiffness, on the other hand, is the highest along horizontal direction and the lowest in vertical direction. The internal stresses due to SLM processing are another factor that may induce large martensite plates, decreasing the spring back. Although post-annealing (followed by furnace cooling) annihilates these large SLM stress-induced martensite plates, it is unsuccessful to achieve completely isotropic properties. The furnace cooling after annealing may even segregate austenite and martensite within SLM solidified tracks, causing a mixed shape memory response.
A series of novel 2,3-disubstitutedquinazolin-4(3H)-ones have been synthesized by condensation of 2-substituted benzo[1,3]oxazine-4-ones and anthranilic acid. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against HIV, HSV and vaccinia viruses. 5-Bromo-2-(6-bromo-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-benzoic acid (MBR2) exhibited distinct antiviral activity against Herpes simplex and vaccinia viruses.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the innovative technologies to fabricate components, parts, assemblies or tools in various fields of application due to its main characteristics such as direct digital manufacturing, ability to offer both internal and external complex geometries without additional cost, and the potential of varying materials at the voxel level. However, despite high anticipations, AM as a real revolution for serial production of metal components has yet to be seen, mostly due to lacks of fundamental understanding, design engineering tools, and the global robustness of the value chains. This paper aims to provide a vision about the future of metal AM based on the collective knowledge of all ten scientific and technical committees of the International Academy of Production Engineering (CIRP).
Feature based Computer Automated Process Planning applications often suffer from exponential growth of the search space and thus CPU-time, with increasing complexity of a part. Opportunistic process planning can remedy this drawback. The approach consists of dividing the features into two sets : one set, called the important features, are used to generate a process plan; the other features, called non-important features, are added to the process plan afterwards. This generation method resembles much the reasoning pattern of a human process planner. The developments are carried out in the framework of the ongoing Esprit project 6805 COMPLAN. Other reasoning methods, used in the project and described in this paper, are : combined variant/generative planning, non linear process plans, Petri nets, and feature based reasoning.
