Publications

Provides detailed methods and results for data collection and analyses.

The global carbon sequestration and avoided emissions potentially achieved via blue carbon is high (∼3% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions); however, it is limited by multidisciplinary and interacting uncertainties spanning the social, governance, financial, and technological dimensions. We compiled a transdisciplinary team of experts to elucidate these challenges and identify a way forward. Key actions to enhance blue carbon as a natural climate solution include improving policy and legal arrangements to ensure equitable sharing of benefits; improving stewardship by incorporating indigenous knowledge and values; clarifying property rights; improving financial approaches and accounting tools to incorporate co-benefits; developing technological solutions for measuring blue carbon sequestration at low cost; and resolving knowledge gaps regarding blue carbon cycles. Implementing these actions and operationalizing blue carbon will achieve measurable changes to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, provide multiple co-benefits, and address national obligations associated with international agreements.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil sorológico dos doadores de 5 unidades do grupo GSH, buscando diferenças entre as regiões, bem como alterações no perfil a partir de mudanças metodológicas na sorologia para sífilis em novembro de 2018 e alterações em critérios na triagem clínica em maio de 2020 com a liberação de doadores masculinos homoafetivos. Estudo retrospectivo através de dados obtidos pelo sistema HemoProd e SISHemo, do número de doações de sangue e sorologias não negativas dos doadores das unidades do Grupo GSH: SERUM no Rio de Janeiro, Serviço de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Ribeirão Preto (SHH)-SP, Serviço de Hematologia e Hemoterapia Alta Noroeste (SHHAN) Araçatuba-SP, Banco de sangue São Paulo (BSSP) – SP e Banco de Sangue Hemato, Recife–PE. No período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022 houveram 494699 doações de sangue nas 5 unidades de coleta do grupo GSH, sendo 59% do sexo masculino e 41% do sexo feminino, mantendo essa proporção anualmente. Do total de doações, 37% foram no BSSP, 18,47% no SERUM, 13,41% no SHH, 12,55% na Hemato, 10,55%) no SHHAN. A média de sorologias alteradas por ano foi de 1,6%, com um total de 8139 sorologias não negativas, sem variação significativa entre as unidades de coleta. A média de sorologias não negativas por marcador sorológico foi de 1,8% para Chagas, 3,8% para HIV, 48,7% para sífilis, 2,6% para HBsAg, 32,7% para AntiHBc, HCV 4,8% e HTLV 4,5%. Na análise anual, a única diferença foi na positividade para sífilis, que aumentou de 28,8% em 2018 para 61,1% em 2022, Em 2018, a alteração metodológica na sorologia para sífilis, do VDRL para o teste treponêmico, acarretou aumento no número de bloqueios a doação semelhante ao aumento de diagnósticos da doença na população em geral, que foi de 18243 casos em 2012 para 167523 em 2021 no Brasil. As alterações nos critérios de triagem clínica, pelo Ministério da Saúde, em maio 2020, quanto a liberação de doadores masculinos homoafetivos, não alterou a porcentagem de positividade de marcadores sorológicos no período analisado. O resultado desse estudo, mostrou maioria dos doadores do sexo masculino e que liberação da doação por pessoas do sexo masculino homoafetivos não aumentou essa porcentagem, nem a de sorologias não negativas, comprovando que o antigo bloqueio para doadores homoafetivos não se justificava para garantir segurança transfusional e que a segurança se deve a outros critérios da triagem clínica, bem como efetividade das técnicas de detecção sorológicas das doenças avaliadas. Das sorologias avaliadas, as que apresentam maior positividade são: sífilis e AntiHBc, independente da unidade de coleta avaliada. O aumento de sorologias reativas para sífilis foi igual ao aumento de casos na população. Com esses resultados, podemos concluir que a diferença regional das unidades de coleta, que a alteração de critérios de inaptidão na triagem clínica e que a alteração na metodologia de triagem sorológica para sífilis, não acarretaram impacto no número de bloqueios de doação por sorologias não negativas, exceto o aumento significativo de positividade para sífilis, que ocorreu pelo número crescente de casos novos na população, justificando assim mais medidas educativas de controle e combate a essa doença.

Five novel Gram-reaction-negative aerobic marine bacterial strains with DNA G+C contents <50 mol% were isolated from the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to the genus Marinomonas. Major fatty acid compositions, comprising C₁₀:₀ 3-OH, C₁₆:₀, C₁₆:₁ω7c and C₁₈:₁ω7c, supported the affiliation of these strains to the genus Marinomonas. Strains IVIA-Po-14b(T), IVIA-Po-145(T) and IVIA-Po-155(T) were closely related to Marinomonas pontica 46-16(T), according to phylogenetic analysis. However, DNA-DNA hybridization values <35 % among these strains revealed that they represented different species. Further differences in the phenotypes and minor fatty acid compositions were also found among the strains. Another two strains, designated IVIA-Po-181(T) and IVIA-Po-159(T), were found to be closely related to M. dokdonensis DSW10-10(T) but DNA-DNA relatedness levels <40 % in pairwise comparisons, as well as some additional differences in phenotypes and fatty acid compositions supported the creation of two novel species. Accordingly, strains IVIA-Po-14b(T )( = CECT 7730(T) = NCIMB 14671(T)), IVIA-Po-145(T) ( = CECT 7377(T) = NCIMB 14431(T)), IVIA-Po-155(T) ( = CECT 7731(T) = NCIMB 14672(T)), IVIA-Po-181(T) ( = CECT 7376(T) = NCIMB 14433(T)) and IVIA-Po-159(T) ( = CECT 7732(T) = NCIMB 14673(T)) represent novel species, for which the names Marinomonas alcarazii sp. nov., Marinomonas rhizomae sp. nov., Marinomonas foliarum sp. nov., Marinomonas posidonica sp. nov. and Marinomonas aquiplantarum sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.

Abstract Background: Isolation of marine microorganisms is fundamental to gather information about their physiology, ecology and genomic content. To date, most of the bacterial isolation efforts have focused on the photic ocean leaving the deep ocean less explored. We have created a marine culture collection of heterotrophic bacteria (MARINHET) using a standard marine medium comprising a total of 1561 bacterial strains, and covering a variety of oceanographic regions from different seasons and years, from 2009 to 2015. Specifically, our marine collection contains isolates from both photic (817) and aphotic layers (744), including the mesopelagic (362) and the bathypelagic (382), from the North Western Mediterranean Sea, the North and South Atlantic Ocean, the Indian, the Pacific, and the Arctic Oceans. We described the taxonomy, the phylogenetic diversity and the biogeography of a fraction of the marine culturable microorganisms to enhance our knowledge about which heterotrophic marine isolates are recurrently retrieved across oceans and along different depths. Results: The partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of all isolates revealed that they mainly affiliate with the classes Alphaproteobacteria (35.9%), Gammaproteobacteria (38.6%), and phylum Bacteroidetes (16.5%). In addition, Alteromonas and Erythrobacter genera were found the most common heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean growing in solid agar medium. When comparing all photic, mesopelagic, and bathypelagic isolates sequences retrieved from different stations, 37% of them were 100% identical. This percentage increased up to 59% when mesopelagic and bathypelagic strains were grouped as the aphotic dataset and compared to the photic dataset of isolates, indicating the ubiquity of some bacterial isolates along different ocean depths. Finally, we isolated three strains that represent a new species, and the genome comparison and phenotypic characterization of two of these strains (ISS653 and ISS1889) concluded that they belong to a new species within the genus Mesonia . Conclusions: Overall, this study highlights the relevance of culture-dependent studies, with focus on marine isolated bacteria from different oceanographic regions and depths, to provide a more comprehensive view of the culturable marine bacteria as part of the total marine microbial diversity.

Viruses play important roles in the ocean's biogeochemical cycles. Yet, deep ocean viruses are one of the most under-explored fractions of the global biosphere. Little is known about the environmental factors that control the composition and functioning of their communities or how they interact with their free-living or particle-attached microbial hosts.We analysed 58 viral communities associated with size-fractionated free-living (0.2-0.8 μm) and particle-attached (0.8-20 μm) cellular metagenomes from bathypelagic (2150-4018 m deep) microbiomes obtained during the Malaspina expedition. These metagenomes yielded 6631 viral sequences, 91% of which were novel, and 67 represented high-quality genomes. Taxonomic classification assigned 53% of the viral sequences to families of tailed viruses from the order Caudovirales. Computational host prediction associated 886 viral sequences to dominant members of the deep ocean microbiome, such as Alphaproteobacteria (284), Gammaproteobacteria (241), SAR324 (23), Marinisomatota (39), and Chloroflexota (61). Free-living and particle-attached viral communities had markedly distinct taxonomic composition, host prevalence, and auxiliary metabolic gene content, which led to the discovery of novel viral-encoded metabolic genes involved in the folate and nucleotide metabolisms. Water mass age emerged as an important factor driving viral community composition. We postulated this was due to changes in quality and concentration of dissolved organic matter acting on the host communities, leading to an increase of viral auxiliary metabolic genes associated with energy metabolism among older water masses.These results shed light on the mechanisms by which environmental gradients of deep ocean ecosystems structure the composition and functioning of free-living and particle-attached viral communities. Video Abstract.