A soundscape is the recording of all sounds present in an area, creating a holistic view of the acoustic profile in an ecosystem. Studying acoustic parameters of marine soundscapes as a whole has been shown to give an indication of the health status of the location, as well as correlate to which species may be present and using the area. With the rapid innovation of technology, especially data storage and declining cost of equipment, marine soundscape research is fast increasing, and these previous limitations have been switched for computing capacity for data analysis. Here, we perform a systematic assessment of literature of marine soundscape studies, from 1978, when the first soundscape study was reported, until 2021. We identified 200 primary research studies that recorded soundscapes and captured their geographical location, depth, habitat, duration of the study, and number of sites in each study. Using this data, we summarize the state of play in marine soundscapes studies, and identify knowledge gaps in the spatial coverage, depth profiles, habitat representation and study duration. Spatially, studies are biased towards the northern hemisphere. They are also more prevalent in more easily accessible ecosystems, in order from most to least studied, in coastal (38%), pelagic (20%), tropical coral reef (17%), rocky reef (7%), polar (5.5%), seagrass meadows, oyster reef and kelp/algal forest (<5% each) areas, with zones of cold-water coral the least studied (0.3%). Continuing the trend of accessibility, studies also tended to focus on shallow ecosystems. Most recordings (68%) were conducted in the upper 50 m, with 13% in 50-200 m depths, and only 0.6% at a depth >4000 m. With anthropogenic noise and other pollution sources increasing globally, these gaps in research should be further addressed, especially as they pertain to vulnerable ecosystems, many of which are affected by global climate change and anthropogenic influences. It is crucial that marine soundscape studies continue to be developed and pursued, to establish baselines for healthy ecosystems and/or document recovery following management actions.
Gff and fasta files of dust-associated MAGs that were analyzed on GRiD for estimation of in situ replication rates
Examination of latitudinal patterns in species richness, size, and distributional range of East Atlantic fish, based on a compilation of data encompassing the full latitudinal and depth distribution of 1746 East Atlantic fish species, showed that species richness declined towards higher latitudes at a rate of c 1 % of the number of species present, in five‐degree bands, for each degree of latitude for both teleosts and elasmobranchs, regardless of habitat However, the latitudinal patterns in maximum fish size and latitudinal range differed between teleosts and elasmobranchs, and changed with habitat No clear evidence was obtained that the latitudinal range occupied increased with latitude, indicating that Rapoport's rule does not apply to E Atlantic fishes Rather, the latitudinal patterns in species richness, size, and distributional range of benthic Atlantic fish were depth‐dependent, because species richness, average maximum size, and the average latitudinal range increased with depth and declined with latitude The importance of accounting for this depth‐latitude covariation in the distribution of marine fish demonstrated here, together with recent evidence obtained for deep‐sea benthic macrofauna, points to depth and latitude as the main factors in the distribution of marine animals
Abstract. The variation of surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), pH, salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in 12 coastal Brazilian lakes was examined following periods of contrasting rainfall. It was tested the hypothesis of a positive relationship of rainfall and the associated transport of terrestrial carbon with pCO2 in tropical lakes. High rainfall was followed by a large, almost 10 fold increase in pCO2 and a one unit decrease in pH in the lakes, whereas no consistent changes in DOC were observed. CO2 emissions to the atmosphere from the Brazilian coastal lakes studied here were enhanced, on average, almost 10 fold, from 28.5±6.0 mmol m−2 d−1 in drier periods to 245.3.1±51.5 mmol m−2 d−1 following heavy rain. Hence, precipitation and subsequent ventilation of groundwater CO2 in lakes might provide an important conduit to deliver CO2 resulting from soil respiration to the atmosphere.
