India has voted for Science. In May, half a billion people cast their ballots, and they decisively favored spurring the development of the world's second most populous nation. The reelected Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and his new coalition government have made a commitment to reduce poverty and disease, create employment, and stimulate rural and industrial development. Attaining these goals will require substantial new investments in science and technology (S&T) plus much greater investments in human capital.
The first edition of this book published in 1986 was well received by the chemistry and materials science communities and this resulted in the paperback edition published in 1989. We are most gratified by this warm reception to the book which has been found useful by students and teachers as well as practising solid state chemists and materials scientists. Since we first wrote the book, there have been many new developments in the various aspects of solid state chemistry covering synthesis, structure elucidation, properties, phenomena and reactivity. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates created a great sensation and gave a boost to the study of solid state chemistry. Many new types of materials such as the fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have been discovered. We have now revised the book taking into account the new developments so that it reflects the present status of the subject adequately and points to new directions. In this edition, we have incorporated new material in all the chapters and updated references to the literature. New sections dealing with porous solids, fullerenes and related materials, metal nitrides, metal tellurides, molecular magnets and other organic materials have been added. Under preparative strategies, we have included new types of synthesis reported in the literature, specially those based on soft chemistry routes. We have a new section covering typical results from empirical theory and electron spectroscopy.
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Band gap tunability and good electronic conductivity makes 2D MPX 3 systems as potential candidates for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic HER. The generation of heterojunction between 2D MPX 3 with other HER active materials further enhances the MPX 3 activity and stability.
Since the publication of the proceedings of the Ljubljana symposium on hydrogen bonding by Hadzi [1] and the excellent book on the hydrogen bond by Pimentel and McClellan [2], a very large number of publications on the spectroscopic studies of hydrogen bonding have appeared in the literature. The present authors prepared a review on hydrogen bonding covering the period 1958–1963 for limited circulation [3]. In view of the very enthusiastic reception for this review by a number of workers and also the vast amount of published information on the subject after 1963, it was considered valuable to present an up-to-date review on the subject. The present review covers the period from 1958 to 1967 and embodies most of the studies on the hydrogen bond employing spectroscopic methods. The review does not include studies on crystals and macromolecules; hydrogen bonding in crystals has been recently reviewed by Hamilton and Ibers [4]. Electronic theories of the hydrogen bond have been reviewed by Bratoz [5]. Even though we have attempted to write a comprehensive review to include most of the published work on spectroscopic studies, it is possible that we have missed some of the papers in this field; we apologize for such oversights and omissions which become unavoidable in such an undertaking.
The electronic and ir spectra of rare earth perovskites of the general formula LnZO 3 , where Ln is the rare earth ion or yttrium and Z is Cr, Mn, or Fe, have been studied in detail. The results have been discussed in terms of crystallography, magnetic properties, covalency of Ln—O and Z—O bonds, and Goodenough's one electron energy diagrams. In all these compounds the rare earth ions do not markedly affect the electronic transitions of the transition metal ions; the 3 d electrons clearly exhibit localized behavior. Both the electronic and ir spectra of the LnZO 3 perovskites are comparable to the spectra of the corresponding transition metal sesquioxides, Z 2 O 3 .
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn EXAFS study of the cobalt-molybdenum/.gamma.-alumina hydrodesulfurization catalystG. Sankar, S. Vasudevan, and C. N. R. RaoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 8, 2011–2015Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100292a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100292a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cu K-edge EXAFS of calcined and reduced Cu–ZnO methanol synthesis catalysts (with a maximum copper content of 33 at wt. %) have been studied. The calcined catalysts contain two species, Cu2+ in a CuO-like phase and Cu2+ occupying substitutional sites in the ZnO lattice. The reduced catalysts contain three species, Cu0, Cu1+ in a Cu2O-like phase, and Cu1+ in an interstitial site in the ZnO lattice. In carrying out the EXAFS analysis of these multiphasic catalysts, we have employed an additive relation for the EXAFS function and made use of residual spectra for identifying unknown species.
