Publications

Towards a global biomass baseline map for the year 2000 to meet REDD(plus) policy requirements

No abstract is provided for this article.

Towards a global biomass baseline map for the year 2000 to meet REDD(plus) policy requirements

Improving the dynamics of Northern Hemisphere high-latitude vegetation in the ORCHIDEE ecosystem model

. Processes that describe the distribution of vegetation and ecosystem succession after disturbance are an important component of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The vegetation dynamics module (ORC-VD) within the process-based ecosystem model ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems) has not been updated and evaluated since many years and is known to produce unrealistic results. This study presents a new parameterization of ORC-VD for mid- to high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere, including processes that influence the existence, mortality and competition between tree functional types. A new set of metrics is also proposed to quantify the performance of ORC-VD, using up to five different data sets of satellite land cover, forest biomass from remote sensing and inventories, a data-driven estimate of gross primary productivity (GPP) and two gridded data sets of soil organic carbon content. The scoring of ORC-VD derived from these metrics integrates uncertainties in the observational data sets. This multi-data set evaluation framework is a generic method that could be applied to the evaluation of other DGVM models. The results of the original ORC-VD published in 2005 for mid- to high-latitudes and of the new parameterization are evaluated against the above-described data sets. Significant improvements were found in the modeling of the distribution of tree functional types north of 40° N. Three additional sensitivity runs were carried out to separate the impact of different processes or drivers on simulated vegetation distribution, including soil freezing which limits net primary production through soil moisture availability in the root zone, elevated CO2 concentration since 1850, and the effects of frequency and severity of extreme cold events during the spin-up phase of the model.

Negative emissions—interactions with other mitigation options: a case study for South East Asia

No abstract is provided for this article.

A global snapshot of the spatial and temporal distribution of very high resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth and Bing Maps as of 11th of January, 2017

Derivation of a northern-hemispheric biomass map for use in global carbon cycle models

The effects of climate change and abatement policies on the value of natural resources in Northern Europe and in the Arctic Sea area

The impact of the climate on the Arctic plays a crucial role for Finland's, as well as other Nordic countries', current and future climatic conditions. Far-reaching and multi-faceted changes are taking place in the Arctic, which have profound consequences for the region's economic and political significance in international relations. The review analyses the effects of climate change and likely climate abatement policies on the accessibility and value of natural resources in Northern Europe in the Arctic Sea area and on the logistical position of Northern Europe with a special emphasis on Finland.

A new global hybrid map of annual herbaceous cropland at a 500 m resolution for the year 2019

The global spatial extent of croplands is a crucial input to global and regional agricultural monitoring and modeling systems. Although many new remotely-sensed products are now appearing due to recent advances in the spatial and temporal resolution of satellite sensors, there are still issues with these products that are related to the definition of cropland used and the accuracies of these maps, particularly when examined spatially. To address the needs of the agricultural monitoring community, here we have created a hybrid map of global cropland extent at a 500 m resolution by fusing two of the latest high resolution remotely-sensed cropland products: the European Space Agency’s WorldCereal and the cropland layer from the University of Maryland. We aggregated the two products to a common resolution of 500 m to produce percentage cropland and compared them spatially, calculating two kinds of disagreement: density disagreement, where the two maps differ by more than 80%, and absence-presence of cropland disagreement, where one map indicates the presence of cropland while the other does not. Based on these disagreements, we selected continuous areas of disagreement, referred to in the paper as hotspots of disagreement, for manual correction by experts using the Geo-Wiki land cover application. The hybrid map was then validated using a stratified random sample based on the disagreement layer, where the sample was visually interpreted by a different set of experts using Geo-Wiki. The results show that the hybrid product improves upon the overall accuracy statistics in the areas where the underlying cropland layer from the University of Maryland was improved with the WorldCereal product, but more importantly, it represents an improved spatially explicit cropland mask for early warning and food security assessment purposes.

Organic carbon in Russian soils: A specified spatially explicit assessment

No abstract is provided for this article.

Forest Ecosystems Under Climate Change

Forest ecosystems are significantly impacted by climate change, particularly through drought and increased weather variability. Forests are characterized by their long-lived vegetation, making it essential to consider climate projections when planning forest management actions—especially those involving the selection of tree species for reforestation and afforestation. In this context, the following pages present two examples: (1) A global estimation of trends in forest biomass change from 2020 to 2100 utilizing the Global Forest Model (G4M, Kindermann et al., Carbon Balance Manag 8: 2, 2013) and (2) an assessment of tree species suitability within the European Alps.

Regional Environmental Changes in Siberia and Their Global Consequences. Chapter 6. Terrestrial ecosystems and their change

No abstract is provided for this article.

Supporting data and code for A global map of root biomass across the world's forests

This dataset contians supporting data and code for the manuscript: A global map of root biomass across the world's forests. <br> Folder data_orin include raw data and references. Python script data_merge_fill.py merges different raw databases, removes repeated entries and fills data gaps in environmental factors. Final output of data_merge_fill.py is site_filled_1kmv1.csv. Python scripts in fig folder include scripts for calculation and producing figures in the manuscript. pred_1km_15cover_1000_99.py is an example code to train a random forest model and to make a global forest root biomass map with a unit of weight biomass per tree. pred_1km_15cover_allometry_1000_99.py generates data used in Supplementary Figure 7 which estimates global forest root biomass through allometric equations. Folder budget_uncertainty contains code and calculations of the uncertainty of global and biome scale root biomass budget. <br> The pergridarea_agb.nc contains global forest aboveground biomass, pergridarea_bgb.nc is the belowground biomass, err_bgb_15_99_ncomm_revise.nc is uncertainty of belowground biomass maps with a resolution of 1km and the unit of Mg/ha (gridcell area).

Carbon stock and density of northern boreal and temperate forests

Aim To infer a forest carbon density map at 0.01° resolution from a radar remote sensing product for the estimation of carbon stocks in Northern Hemisphere boreal and temperate forests. Location The study area extends from 30° N to 80° N , covering three forest biomes – temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ( TBMF ), temperate conifer forests ( TCF ) and boreal forests ( BFT ) – over three continents ( N orth A merica, E urope and A sia). Methods This study is based on a recently available growing stock volume ( GSV ) product retrieved from synthetic aperture radar data. Forest biomass and spatially explicit uncertainty estimates were derived from the GSV using existing databases of wood density and allometric relationships between biomass compartments (stem, branches, roots, foliage). We tested the resultant map against inventory‐based biomass data from R ussia, Europe and the USA prior to making intercontinent and interbiome carbon stock comparisons. Results Our derived carbon density map agrees well with inventory data at regional scales ( r 2 = 0.70–0.90). While 40.7 ± 15.7 petagram of carbon ( P g C ) are stored in BFT , TBMF and TCF contain 24.5 ± 9.4 P g C and 14.5 ± 4.8 P g C , respectively. In terms of carbon density, we found 6.21 ± 2.07 kg C m −2 retained in TCF and 5.80 ± 2.21 kg C m −2 in TBMF , whereas BFT have a mean carbon density of 4.00 ± 1.54 kg C m −2 . Indications of a higher carbon density in Europe compared with the other continents across each of the three biomes could not be proved to be significant. Main conclusions The presented carbon density and corresponding uncertainty map give an insight into the spatial patterns of biomass and stand as a new benchmark to improve carbon cycle models and carbon monitoring systems. In total, we found 79.8 ± 29.9 P g C stored in northern boreal and temperate forests, with Asian BFT accounting for 22.1 ± 8.3 P g C .

A citizen science application for improving the spatial distribution of global forests

No abstract is provided for this article.