In the development of regional science methodology we observe an increasing series of trends from aggregate towards disaggregate, deterministic towards probabilistic and static towards dynamic modes of reasoning. This paper attempts to discuss some major aspects of these types of transition in the field of spatial choice analysis where particular emphasis is laid on issues which have been addressed in papers presented in the sessions on 'Recent Methodological Developments in Spatial Analysis.’
No abstract is provided for this article.
In recent years there has been growing scientific interest in the complex relationships between technological change, economic development and space. Research efforts are still hampered however by a lack of both theoretical and empirical insights. The main aim of...
By following the paper trail left by patent citations between high-technology patents in Europe we use a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson spatial interaction modelling approach to identify and measure spatial separation effects to interregional knowledge flows, as captured by patent citations. The model introduced here is novel in that it allows for spatially structured origin and destination effects for the regions. Estimation of the model is carried out within a Bayesian framework using data augmentation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, related to recent work in Frühwirth-Schnatter and Wagner (2004). This allows MCMC sampling from well-known distribution families and, thus, provides a substantial improvement over MCMC estimation based on Metropolis-Hastings sampling from non-standard conditional distributions. Estimation results from our model provides evidence that geography matters. First, geographical distance between origin and destination regions has a significant impact on knowledge spillovers, and this effect is substantial. Second, national border effects are important and dominate geographical distance effects. Third, the latent spatial effects exhibit weak spatial dependence. Not only geography, but also technological proximity matters. Interregional knowledge flows are industry specific and occur most often between regions located close to each other in technological space.
Spectral pattern recognition deals with classifications that utilize pixel-by-pixel spectral information from satellite imagery. The literature on neural network applications in this area is relatively new, dating back only about six to seven years. The first studies...
We develop an empirical approach to examine static and dynamic knowledge externalities in the context of a regional total factor productivity relationship. Static externalities refer to current period scale or industry-size effects which have been labeled localization externalities or region-size effects known as agglomeration externalities. Dynamic externalities refer to the relationship between accumulated or prior period knowledge and current levels of innovation, where past learning-by-doing makes innovation positively related to cumulative production over time. Our empirical specification allows for the presence of both static and dynamic externalities, and provides a way to assess the relative magnitude of spillovers associated with spillovers from these two types of knowledge externalities. The magnitude of own-region impacts and other-region (spillovers) can be assessed using scalar summary measures of the own- and cross-partial derivatives from the model. We find evidence supporting the presence of dynamic externalities as well as static, and our estimates suggest that dynamic externalities may have a larger magnitude of impact than static externalities.
The focus in this paper is on knowledge spillovers between high-technology firms in Europe, as captured by patent citations. The European coverage is given
No abstract is provided for this article.
KEYWORDSBasic safety characteristics of hydrogen compared in other combustibles; hydrogen safety goals; burning velocity; deflagration; detonation overpressure; deflagration to detonation transition.
Spatial econometric theory and practice have been dominated by a focus on object data. In economic analysis these objects correspond to economic agents with discrete locations in geographic space, such as addresses, census tracts and regions. In contrast spatial...
Seit über sechs Jahrzehnten werden Radionuklide für die Schmerztherapie bei Knochen- und Gelenkerkrankungen eingesetzt. Dabei ist das Target bei malignen Knochenprozessen, besonders Knochenmetastasen, das überwiegend osteoblastische Knochengewebe, bei...
This paper centres around two research questions: first, the identification of five types of networks that manufacturing firms located in the metropolitan region of Vienna may have created for different purposes and second, the question to what extent the likelihood of interfirm cooperation is conditioned by the general profile of manufacturing establishments and their technological resources. Although this paper focuses on the manufacturing sector, a special emphasis is placed on the electronics industry. The study utilises a recent postal survey providing data on size and organisation, products and markets, research and development, innovation and interfirm relationships. The analysis of the first question finds that first, networking does not yet seem to be a popular managerial and organisational concept for manufacturing firms located in the metropolitan region of Vienna; second, networking activities are primarily based on vertical relationships (customer, manufacturer supplier and producer service provider networks) rather than on horizontal linkages (producer networks, industry-university linkages); third, networks focusing on the later stages of the innovation process are less common than those focusing on the earlier stages; fourth, firms tend to rely on sources of technology from national and - especially - international networks. It appears that metropolitan networking is less common than has been thought. For technical advance spatial proximity does not seem to be very important. Turning to the second research question of the study, focusing on the adoption of the managerial and organisational concept of networking, the results are bolstering the argument that establishment traits and technology related-capabilities do play a role. The results achieved reveal, for example, that in-house research skills are a very good predictor for industry-university relationships.
Selektionsarbeiten an Prunus mahaleb L. als Unterlagen für Süß- und Sauerkirschen was published in Band 33, Heft 2 1985 on page 75.
