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No abstract is provided for this article.
No abstract is provided for this article.
Olodaterol (Ol) is a novel, selective, β 2 -agonist which offers bronchoprotection in mild asthmatics with duration of action of at least 24h. Small airways are the major site of obstruction in patients with COPD. Thus novel bronchodilators that act on the small airways may be of benefit for COPD. Therefore, this study compared the effect of Ol and formoterol (Fm) on human and rat small airways. Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) were obtained from rat lungs and human lung tissue obtained following resection. Videomicroscopy was used to measure small airway relaxation. Rat small airways were contracted to increasing concentrations of carbachol (EC 50 = 0.11±0.04μM, n=6). Carbachol contraction was then repeated on the same airways following pre-treatment of PCLS with Ol or Fm (1nM). Both agonists significantly (p 50 = 0.19±0.05μM and Fm: 0.34±0.07μM, n=6). Carbachol contracted human small airways with an EC 50 of 0.08±0.03μM (n=6) which was significantly inhibited (p 50 = 0.7±0.3μM, n=6) and 1nM Fm (EC 50 = 1.0±0.6μM, n=6). Following pre-contraction of rat small airways with 0.1μM carbachol both β 2 -agonists induced relaxation ∼45% of maximal contraction (n=6). By contrast, carbachol-induced pre-contraction of human small airways was completely reversed by both agonists with EC 50 values of 4.3±5.7pM (n=6) and 46.1±37.9pM (n=6) for Ol and Fm respectively (P Both Ol and Fm had significant bronchodilatory effects on rat and human small airways. Ol was comparable to Fm and showed significantly increased relaxation following partial pre-contraction of human small airways to carbachol.
Background and Aims In patients with three-vessel disease and/or left main disease, selecting revascularization strategy based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has a high level of virtual agreement with treatment decisions based on invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Methods In this study, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures were planned based on CCTA without knowledge of ICA. The CABG strategy was recommended by a central core laboratory assessing the anatomy and functionality of the coronary circulation. The primary feasibility endpoint was the percentage of operations performed without access to the ICA. The primary safety endpoint was graft patency on 30-day follow-up CCTA. Secondary endpoints included topographical adequacy of grafting, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular (MACCE), and major bleeding events at 30 days. The study was considered positive if the lower boundary of confidence intervals (CI) for feasibility was ≥75% (NCT04142021). Results The study enrolled 114 patients with a mean (standard deviation) anatomical SYNTAX score and Society of Thoracic Surgery score of 43.6 (15.3) and 0.81 (0.63), respectively. Unblinding ICA was required in one case yielding a feasibility of 99.1% (95% CI 95.2%–100%). The concordance and agreement in revascularization planning between the ICA- and CCTA-Heart Teams was 82.9% with a moderate kappa of 0.58 (95% CI 0.50–0.66) and between the CCTA-Heart Team and actual treatment was 83.7% with a substantial kappa of 0.61 (95% CI 0.53–0.68). The 30-day follow-up CCTA in 102 patients (91.9%) showed an anastomosis patency rate of 92.6%, whilst MACCE was 7.2% and major bleeding 2.7%. Conclusions CABG guided by CCTA is feasible and has an acceptable safety profile in a selected population of complex coronary artery disease.
A preliminary analysis of the solvent-extractable lipids from three samples from the Aptian-Albian core sections of Hole 402A, which was drilled on the mid-continental slope of the Bay of Biscay (47°52.48'N, 08°50.44'W), has been carried out. The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids and free hydroxy acids have been examined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . A list of the samples is given in Table 1, together with relevant background data taken from the Summary Log. Core 402A-18 was a composite sample of Sections 1-4, obtained via the Institut Francais du Petrole; Cores 402A-24 and 30 were collected from the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. An additional core, 401-5 (supplied in a frozen state by the shipboard geochemist via British Petroleum Ltd.), was extracted, but the low concentrations of extractable lipids at comparable concentrations to a blank analysis precluded further investigations. A preliminary attempt has been made to relate the extractable lipids of these black shales to the extent of diagenesis/maturation and to the paleoenvironment of deposition.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the progressive development of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.1 The term COPD encompasses chronic obstructive bronchitis, with obstruction of small airways, and emphysema, with enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung parenchyma, loss of lung elasticity, and closure of small airways. Chronic bronchitis, by contrast, is defined by the presence of a productive cough of more than three months' duration for more than two successive years. The cough is due to hypersecretion of mucus and is not necessarily accompanied by airflow limitation. However, there is some epidemiologic evidence that . . .
