The flexural performance of RC beams can be improved using the near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique. A likely failure mode of such FRP-strengthened RC beams is bar-end cover separation which involves the detachment of the NSM FRP reinforcement together with the concrete cover along the level of the steel tension reinforcement. This paper presents a new analytical strength model for this failure mode. The proposed strength model and two existing strength models for this failure mode are compared with test results to demonstrate the superior performance of the new analytical model. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication Details Zhang, S. S., Teng, J. G. & Chen, J. F. (2012). Analytical model for bar-end cover separation failure in RC beams strengthened with near-surface mounted FRP. Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Structural Engineering, ISSE 2012 (pp. 1018-1023). This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/4954 ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR BAR-END COVER SEPARATION FAILURE IN RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH NEAR-SURFACE MOUNTED FRP S.S. Zhang and J.G. Teng* Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China cejgteng@polyu.edu.hk J.F. Chen Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland, UK Abstract: The flexural performance of RC beams can be improved using the near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique. A likely failure mode of such FRP-strengthened RC beams is bar-end cover separation which involves the detachment of the NSM FRP reinforcement together with the concrete cover along the level of the steel tension reinforcement. This paper presents a new analytical strength model for this failure mode. The proposed strength model and two existing strength models for this failure mode are compared with test results to demonstrate the superior performance of the new analytical model. The flexural performance of RC beams can be improved using the near-surface mounted (NSM) FRP strengthening technique. A likely failure mode of such FRP-strengthened RC beams is bar-end cover separation which involves the detachment of the NSM FRP reinforcement together with the concrete cover along the level of the steel tension reinforcement. This paper presents a new analytical strength model for this failure mode. The proposed strength model and two existing strength models for this failure mode are compared with test results to demonstrate the superior performance of the new analytical model.
The fluidized-bed combustion process, due to its ability to control pollutant emissions and its inherent capability to accommodate a wide variety of fuels, has been the subject of accelerating development for industrial and utility applications. However, fluidized-bed combustion boilers based on the current design and operation may not be able to meet the future stringent standards on nitrogen oxides emissions without additional provisions. In this paper, a preliminary study on the reduction reactions of nitric oxide with three different carbonaceous solids using a 9.6-centimeter diameter, electrically heated, batch fluidized-bed reactor operated at various design and operating conditions is discussed. Results of this investigation indicate that the NO reduction reaction appears to be dependent upon not only the operating variables such as bed temperature, carbonaceous solid loading in the bed, but also on the physical properties of the carbonaceous solids as well. Prediction of NO reduction by one of the carbonaceous solids using a two-phase bubble model shows good agreement with experimental data within the range of experimental conditions.
Web openings often need to be created in reinforced concrete (RC) beams for the passages of utility ducts and/or pipes. Such web openings reduce the cross-section area of the beam in the affected region, leading to decrease in its load-carrying capacity and stiffness. Therefore, a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)-strengthening system generally needs to be applied around the web opening to ensure the safety of the weakened beam. A number of studies have been conducted by researchers all over the world to examine the behaviour of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings, and plenty of useful findings have been generated. This article presents a critical literature review of existing relevant research from three aspects: experimental studies, numerical studies and theoretical studies. The effect of main factors, including the size, shape, location and number of the web opening, the shape and shear span ratio of the beam, the concrete strength, the loading scheme and the FRP-strengthening scheme, on the structural performance of RC beams with FRP-strengthened web opening/web openings have been thoroughly analysed and discussed. Finally, directions for future research based on the gaps which exist in existing studies are pointed out.
Highly efficient and simple cross-coupling reactions of 2-bromobenzo[b]furans with alkenylaluminum reagents for the synthesis of 2-alkenylbenzo[b]furan derivatives using PdCl2 (3 mol%)/XantPhos (6 mol%) as catalyst are reported. Excellent yields (up to 97%) were obtained for a wide range of substrates at 80 °C for 4 h in DCE.
The first cycles of Ling’ao and Daya Bay Nuclear Power Stations are the same.It is the challenge for Ling’ao NPS to design the fuel management mode and how to utilize the successful experiences from Daya Bay NPS.The fuel management design for the second cycle is rather difficult in normal conditions.There must be clear answers to the questions that whether or not to change the fuel type from the second cycle and which type of fuel to be used for the change(AFA 3G with or without MSMG).If the same fuel type of AFA 3G with MSMG in Daya Bay NPS would be used in Ling’ao second cycle,it would be the mixed core and there should be special safety analysis and licensing issues.This paper introduces the overall optimization and design from cycle 2 to 5.
