257 publications from this institution
Available experimental data on the dissolution of coal into solvent-hydrogen mixtures were analyzed to obtain a mathematical expression for the rate of dissolution. The rate of dissolution was found to depend exponentially on the hydrogen partial pressure and was proportional to the amount of undissolved organic material per unit volume of slurry. The rate was found also to depend on the type of reactor and coal. The low activation energy for coal dissolution appears to indicate that the dissolution may be controlled by the diffusion of some species in the solution phase. The removal of ash from coal-derived liquids by filtration and centrifugation was examined and the economics of the separation has been analyzed in detail for the COED, SRC, and Synthoil processes. In the SRC process the ash separation represented a major portion of the overall fixed capital investment ranging from 23 to 50% for the SRC process. (auth)
Flexural strengthening of RC beams by applying the near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) into the bottom concrete cover of the beam has been proved to be efficient by abundant previous studies. However, it was found from these studies that NSM FRP-strengthened RC beams frequently failed by FRP premature debonding, which limited the strengthening efficiency of the NSM FRP. In order to fully exploit the strengthening efficiency of the NSM FRP, anchorage devices are normally needed to mitigate the debonding failure. However, existing studies on the anchorages for NSM FRP-strengthened beams are still limited. A novel embedded FRP anchor (EFA) is therefore proposed by the authors for the anchoring of NSM FRP. In the present paper, the concept, manufacture and installation process of the proposed EFA are first presented. Then, the effectiveness of the EFA in NSM FRP-strengthened beams is verified through a test program consisting of four full-scale RC beams. The test results showed that the EFA is able to mitigate NSM FRP end debonding and therefore improve the load-carrying and deformation capacities of NSM FRP-strengthened RC beams.