Publications

Ring origami has emerged as a robust strategy for designing foldable and deployable structures due to its impressive packing abilities achieved from snap-folding. In general, polygonal rings with rationally designed geometric parameters can fold into compact three-loop configurations with curved segments which result from the internal bending moment in the folded state. Inspired by the internal bending moment-induced curvature in the folded state, we explore how this curvature can be tuned by introducing initial natural curvature to the segments of the polygonal rings in their deployed stress-free state, and study how this initial curvature affects the folded configurations of the rings. Taking a clue from straight-segmented polygonal rings that fold into overlapping curved loops, we find that this behavior can be reversed by introducing curvature into the ring segments in the stress-free initial state such that the rings fold into a looped straight-line configuration with “zero” area. This strategy realizes extreme packing of the rings. In this work, by a combination of experimental observation, finite element analysis, and theoretical modeling, we systematically study the effect of segment curvature on folding behaviors, folded configurations, and packing abilities of curved ring origami with different geometries. It is anticipated that curved ring origami can open a new avenue for the design of foldable and deployable structures with simple folded configurations and high packing efficiency.

The entropic component of the free energy of assembly for multiparticle hydrogen-bonded aggregates is analyzed using a model based on balls connected by rigid rods or flexible strings. The entropy of assembly, ΔS, is partitioned into translational, rotational, vibrational, and conformational components. While previously reported theoretical treatments of rotational and vibrational entropies for assembly are adequate, treatments of translational entropy in solution and of conformational entropyoften the two largest components of ΔSare not. This paper provides improved estimates and illustrates the methods used to obtain them. First, a model is described for translational entropy of molecules in solution (ΔStrans(sol)); this model provides physically intuitive corrections for values of ΔStrans(sol) that are based on the Sackur−Tetrode equation. This model is combined with one for rotational entropy to estimate the difference in entropy of assembly between a 4-particle aggregate and a 6-particle one. Second, an approximate analysis of a model based on balls connected by rods or strings gives an approximate estimate of the maximum contribution of conformational entropy to the difference in free energy of assembly of flexible and of rigid molecular assemblies. This analysis, although approximate, is easily applied by all types of chemists and biochemists; it serves as a guide to the design of stable molecular aggregates, and the qualitative arguments apply generally to any form of self-assembly.

This paper describes the development of a new methodology, "topographically directed etching" or TODE, that relies on patterned regions of disorder in SAMs to generate features specifically at the edges of topographically patterned metal films. The features that are produced have lateral dimensions of <50 to 200 nm and are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those patterned originally in the material, when the original patterning is at the scale of μm. Several variations of this methodology are described, the results of which include the generation of 100-nm trenches in silver, gold, SiO2/Si, and Al2O3/Al, 100-nm lines of silver, asymmetric structures in aluminum and silver, and 50-nm features in curved silver surfaces. Although the techniques can be combined with photolithography, the pattern transfer step is based on chemical reaction and is therefore not limited by diffraction or depth of focus. This methodology makes the fabrication of ∼100-nm structures accessible to chemists/materials scientists without access to tools required for electron-beam writing and other procedures of nanofabrication.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-base behavior of carboxylic acid groups covalently attached at the surface of polyethylene: The usefulness of contact angle in following the ionization of surface functionalityStephen Randall Holmes-Farley, Robert H. Reamey, Thomas J. McCarthy, John Deutch, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Langmuir 1985, 1, 6, 725–740Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00066a016https://doi.org/10.1021/la00066a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1981Altmetric-Citations279LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Rationale: The evidence regarding the potential health benefits of nut consumption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited. Objective: To examine intake of total and specific types of nuts, including tree nuts and peanuts, in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease and stroke, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results: This prospective analysis included 16 217 men and women with diabetes mellitus at baseline or diagnosed during follow-up (Nurses’ Health Study: 1980–2014, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study: 1986–2014). Nut consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and updated every 2 to 4 years. During 223 682 and 254 923 person-years of follow-up, there were 3336 incident CVD cases and 5682 deaths, respectively. Higher total nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for participants who consumed 5 or more servings of total nuts per week (1 serving=28 g), compared with those who consumed &lt;1 serving per month, were 0.83 (0.71–0.98; P trend=0.01) for total CVD incidence, 0.80 (0.67–0.96; P trend=0.005) for coronary heart disease incidence, 0.66 (0.52–0.84; P trend &lt;0.001) for CVD mortality, and 0.69 (0.61–0.77; P trend &lt;0.001) for all-cause mortality. Total nut consumption was not significantly associated with risk of stroke incidence or cancer mortality. For specific types of nuts, higher tree nut consumption was associated with lower risk of total CVD, coronary heart disease incidence, and mortality because of CVD, cancer, and all causes, whereas peanut consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality only (all P trend &lt;0.001). In addition, compared with participants who did not change the consumption of total nuts from pre- to post-diabetes mellitus diagnosis, participants who increased consumption of total nuts after diabetes mellitus diagnosis had an 11% lower risk of CVD, a 15% lower coronary heart disease risk, a 25% lower CVD mortality, and a 27% lower all-cause mortality. The associations persisted in subgroup analyses stratified by sex/cohort, body mass index at diabetes mellitus diagnosis, smoking status, diabetes mellitus duration, nut consumption before diabetes mellitus diagnosis, or diet quality. Conclusions: Higher consumption of nuts, especially tree nuts, is associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality among participants with diabetes mellitus. These data provide novel evidence that supports the recommendation of incorporating nuts into healthy dietary patterns for the prevention of CVD complications and premature deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT Objective Previous studies have suggested that people born preterm have increased rates of eating disorders (ED). However, a recent study suggested lower levels of ED‐related symptoms in the extreme group of adults born preterm with very low birth weight (&lt;1,500 g). We examined symptoms related to EDs in adults born early (&lt;34 weeks of gestational age) or late (34 to &lt;37 weeks of gestational age) preterm. Methods We studied young adults (mean age 24.1 years) from two birth cohorts: ESTER (Northern Finland 1985–1989) and AYLS (Uusimaa, Finland, 1985–1986). Of the participants, 185 were born early preterm, 348 late preterm, and 637 were term‐born controls ( N = 1,170). They completed three subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)−2, including Drive for Thinness (DT), Body Dissatisfaction (BD), and Bulimia (B). Group differences were examined by linear regression. Results Young women born early preterm scored 4.1 points (95% CI −8.0, −0.2, P =.04) lower in summed EDI subscale scores than women born at term, when adjusted for age and cohort. This difference was observed also in DT and BD but not for B subscales. The differences persisted after adjustments for current, pre‐ and neonatal characteristics. We did not observe differences in EDI scores among men or women born late preterm when compared to controls. Discussion Women born early preterm have significantly fewer symptoms related to EDs in early adulthood when compared to their peers born at term, which may protect from developing an ED. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:572–580)

Background Inflammatory processes contribute to the pathophysiology of multiple chronic conditions. Genetic factors play a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory load, but the exact mechanisms are incompletely understood. Objective To assess genetic determinants of 16 circulating cytokines and cell adhesion molecules (inflammatory phenotypes) in Finns. Methods Genome-wide associations of the inflammatory phenotypes were studied in Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N=5284). A subsequent meta-analysis was completed for 10 phenotypes available in a previous genome-wide association study, adding up to 13 577 individuals in the study. Complementary association tests were performed to study the effect of the ABO blood types on soluble adhesion molecule levels. Results We identified seven novel and six previously reported genetic associations (p&lt;3.1×10 −9 ). Three loci were associated with soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) level, one of which was the ABO locus that has been previously associated with soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels. Our findings suggest that the blood type B associates primarily with sVCAM-1 level, while the A1 subtype shows a robust effect on sE-selectin and sICAM-1 levels. The genotypes in the ABO locus associating with higher soluble adhesion molecule levels tend to associate with lower circulating cholesterol levels and lower cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusion The present results extend the knowledge about genetic factors contributing to the inflammatory load. Our findings suggest that two distinct mechanisms contribute to the soluble adhesion molecule levels in the ABO locus and that elevated soluble adhesion molecule levels per se may not increase risk for cardiovascular disease.