Publications

Journal Article Epidemiology of Preterm Delivery in Two Birth Cohorts with an Interval of 20 Years Get access Päivi Olsén, Päivi Olsén 1Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of OuluOulu, Finland Reprint requests to Dr. Päivi Olsén, Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Aapistie 1, 90220 Oulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Esa Läärä, Esa Läärä 1Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of OuluOulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paula Rantakallio, Paula Rantakallio 1Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of OuluOulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin 1Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of OuluOulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ari Sarpola, Ari Sarpola 1Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of OuluOulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anna-Liisa Hartikainen Anna-Liisa Hartikainen 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Central HospitalOulu, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 142, Issue 11, 1 December 1995, Pages 1184–1193, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117577 Published: 01 December 1995 Article history Received: 13 October 1994 Revision received: 09 August 1995 Published: 01 December 1995

'Pulsed HIFU' published in 'Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology'

This paper describes the fabrication of a microfluidic device for rapid immobilization of large numbers of live C. elegans for performing morphological analysis, microsurgery, and fluorescence imaging in a high-throughput manner. The device consists of two principal elements: (i) an array of 128 wedge-shaped microchannels, or clamps, which physically immobilize worms, and (ii) a branching network of distribution channels, which deliver worms to the array. The flow of liquid through the device (driven by a constant pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet) automatically distributes individual worms into each clamp. It was possible to immobilize more than 100 worms in less than 15 min. The immobilization process was not damaging to the worms: following removal from the array of clamps, worms lived typical lifespans and reproduced normally. The ability to monitor large numbers of immobilized worms easily and in parallel will enable researchers to investigate physiology and behavior in large populations of C. elegans.

No abstract is provided for this article.

Studies of dietary determinants of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have found inverse associations with several plant-foods, and positive associations with some animal-foods, raising the question of whether plant-based diets are protective against T2D. However, as not all plant-foods are equally beneficial, the healthiest version of a plant-based diet needs to be identified. We assessed the hypothesis that plant-based diets are associated with lower T2D risk. We prospectively observed 74,248 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2012) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. We created a total plant-based diet index (PDI) and a healthy or ‘alternate’ plant-based diet index (aPDI) using dietary data collected every 4 years with a food frequency questionnaire. Individual foods were aggregated into healthy plant-food groups (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea/coffee), unhealthy plant-food groups (fruit juices, refined grains, potato/fries, mar...

<b>Objective</b> <p>We evaluated the associations between changes in plant-based diets and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We prospectively followed 76,530 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986-2012), 81,569 women in NHS II (1991-2017), and 34,468 men in the Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study (1986-2016). Adherence to plant-based diets was assessed every 4 years using the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results of the three cohorts were pooled using meta-analysis.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>We documented 12,627 cases of type 2 diabetes during 2,955,350 person-years of follow-up. <a>After adjustment for initial BMI, initial and 4-year changes in alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and other factors, </a><a>compared with participants whose indices remained relatively stable (±3%), </a><a>participants with the largest decrease (>10%) in PDI and hPDI over 4 years had a 12%-23% higher diabetes risk in the subsequent 4 years (pooled HR: PDI, 1.12 (95% CI 1.05, 1.20), hPDI, 1.23 (1.16, 1.31)). </a>Each 10% increment in PDI and hPDI over 4 years was associated with a 7%-9% lower risk (PDI, 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), hPDI, 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)). Changes in uPDI were not associated with diabetes risk. Weight changes accounted for 6.0%-35.6% of the associations between changes in PDI and hPDI and diabetes risk. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p>Improving adherence to overall and healthful plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas decreased adherence to such diets was associated with a higher risk. </p>

Growth peaks in length and weight among preterm infants were observed at 1-3 months. No catch-up growth in length, weight, and BMD was observed, however, there was accelerated growth in length, weight, and BMD.

<strong>Selected Supplementary Tables - ST5, 7, 8 and 9</strong> <strong>Supplementary Table 5. Cosmopolitan results. </strong>Cosmopolitan SNP-CpG associations identified through genome-wide association amongst Europeans and South Asians. <strong>Supplementary Table 7. Cross-tissue replication.</strong> Results for further testing of the 11,165,559 cosmopolitan SNP-CpG associations identified (by genome-wide association in blood), in 4 isolated white cell subsets (CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils), in adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue or visceral adipose tissue, and in whole adipose tissue. <strong>Supplementary Table 8. Conditional analysis.</strong> Results of conditional analysis to identify SNPs independently associated with each of the ~360K CpG sites tested. <strong>Supplementary Table 9. Sentinel SNPs and CpGs.</strong> Results of R2 pruning and locus merging to identify discrete genetic and methylation loci that are associated, and their respective sentinel SNPs and sentinel CpG sites. Other files (e.g. annotation files and 'intermediate' processing files) referenced in our code are also provided.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests beneficial impacts of plant-based diets on glucose metabolism among generally healthy individuals. Whether adherence to these diets is related to risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations between plant-based diets and GDM in a large prospective study. METHODS We included 14,926 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001), who reported ≥1 singleton pregnancy and without previous GDM before the index pregnancy. Prepregnancy adherence to plant-based diets was measured by an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) as assessed by FFQs every 4 y. Incident first-time GDM was ascertained from a self-reported physician diagnosis, which was previously validated by review of medical records. We used log-binomial models with generalized estimating equations to calculate RRs and 95% CIs for associations of PDIs with GDM. RESULTS We documented 846 incident GDM cases over the 10-y follow-up among 20,707 pregnancies. Greater adherence to the PDI and hPDI was associated with lower GDM risk. For the PDI, the multivariable-adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing the highest and lowest quintiles (Q5 compared with Q1) was 0.70 (0.56, 0.87) (Ptrend = 0.0004), and for each 10-point increment was 0.80 (0.71, 0.90). For the hPDI, the RR (95% CI) of Q5 compared with Q1 was 0.75 (0.59, 0.94) (Ptrend = 0.009) and for each 10-point increment was 0.86 (0.77, 0.95). After further adjustment for prepregnancy BMI, the associations were attenuated but remained significant: for the PDI, the RR (95% CI) for each 10-point increment was 0.89 (0.79, 1.00) and the corresponding RR (95% CI) was 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) for the hPDI. The uPDI was not associated with GDM. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that greater prepregnancy adherence to a healthful plant-based diet was associated with lower risk of GDM, whereas an unhealthful plant-based diet was not related to GDM risk.