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Background: Longitudinal plasma proteome profiling over time within individuals provides valuable insights into an individual health and disease dynamics at molecular level. To date, proteome study is very limited in pediatric population, especially, using prospective birth cohort. We launched a longitudinal proteomics study in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC, referred as “BBC proteomics study”), which aimed to profile proteome at two time points (birth and early childhood) to investigate the biological pathways underlying the link between preterm birth and child long-term cardiometabolic health. This paper describes the rationale, study design, proteomic assay, and quality control (QC) steps for the BBC proteomics study. Methods: The BBC proteomics study includes 990 children from the BBC, a US predominantly urban, low-income, multi-ethnic prospective birth cohort. Using the OLINK ® Explore 3072 platform, we performed proteomic profiling in cord plasma collected at birth and in postnatal plasma collected during early childhood. QC steps included calculation of coefficient of variation (CV), missingness rates per sample or per protein, principal component analyses to identify clustering and outliers, and correlation analyses among the duplicates to indicate reproducibility. Results: Here we report the findings from the first batch of proteome assay, consisting of 349 children with both cord plasma samples and early childhood plasma samples. A total of 2941 proteins from eight OLINK panels were successfully measured at both time points. Almost 100% of samples passed lab-prespecified QC, and four samples with high missingness (>50% of proteins with values lower than limit of detection in each sample) were removed from subsequent analyses. Approximately 89% of proteins were detected in >50% samples. Across the eight panels, 79.6% had intra-CV ≤15% and 79.9% had inter-CV ≤30%. Conclusions: Our data suggests that this high-throughput proteomic profiling is feasible and reproducible in archived pediatric plasma samples, including cord blood. We anticipate that successful completion of this proteomics study will help identify early life novel predictive biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk, so that high-risk newborns can be identified, and effective interventions can be initiated during the earliest developmental window when they may have the greatest life-long benefit.

We show that focused ion beam irradiation results in the creation of peculiar one- and two-dimensional nanoscale features on the surface of polyimide-a common polymer in electronics, large scale structures, and the automobile industry, as well as in biomedical applications. The role of ion beam incident angle, acceleration voltage, and fluence on the morphology of the structural features is systematically investigated, and insights into the mechanisms of formation of these nanoscale features are provided. Moreover, by using the maskless patterning method of the focused ion beam system, we have developed a robust technique for controlled modification of the polymeric surface. The technique, which is analogous to using a gray glass with varying darkness to control the radiation from the sun, but at a much smaller scale, enables the ion intensity and angle to be controlled at each surface point of the polymer, giving rise to structural surface features with desired shape and morphology.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of KDO Using Indium-Mediated Allylation of 2,3:4,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-arabinose in Aqueous MediaJinming Gao, Ralph Haerter, Dana M. Gordon, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 13, 3714–3715Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00092a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00092a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Gas turbine engines are very complex (with 20–40,000 parts) and have extreme operating conditions. The important physical phenomena take place on scales from 10–100 microns to meters. A complete and accurate dynamic simulation of an entire engine is enormously demanding. Designing a complex system, like a gas turbine engine, will require fast, accurate simulations of computational models from multiple engineering disciplines along with sophisticated optimization techniques to help guide the design process. In this paper, we describe the architecture of an agent-based software framework for the simulation of various aspects of a gas turbine engine, utilizing a “network” of collaborating numerical objects through a set of interfaces among the engine parts. Moreover, we present its implementation using the Grasshopper agent middleware and provide simulation results that show the feasibility of the computational paradigm implemented.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTUsing Surface Plasmon Resonance to Study the Binding of Vancomycin and Its Dimer to Self-Assembled Monolayers Presenting d-Ala-d-AlaJianghong Rao, Lin Yan, Bing Xu, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11, 2629–2630Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1999Publication History Received9 November 1998Published online6 March 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9838763https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9838763rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Equilibrium,Ligands,Oligomers,Surface interactions,Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts

Direct correlation of structural and optical properties on the nanoscale is essential for rational synthesis of nanomaterials with predefined structure and functionality. We study optical properties of single III-V nitride nanowire radial heterostructures with measured spatial resolution of <20 nm using cathodoluminescence (CL) technique coupled with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Enhanced carrier recombination in nanowire quantum wells and reduced light emission from regions containing structural defects were directly observed. Using newly developed parallel-detection-mode CL-STEM, we show that optical properties can vary within a single nanowire heterostructure as a function of nanowire morphology.

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;We examined the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among 3 large U.S. cohorts, conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, and assessed meta-evidence quality.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research design and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We included 71,871 women from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), 87,918 women from NHSII, and 38,847 men from Health Professional Follow-Up Study. Diet was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and UPF were categorized per the Nova classification. Associations of total and subgroups of UPF with T2D were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. We subsequently conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies on total UPF and T2D risk, and assessed meta-evidence quality using NutriGrade.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the U.S. cohorts (5,187,678 person-years; 19,503 T2D cases), the hazard ratio for T2D comparing extreme quintiles of total UPF intake (percent of grams/day) was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.39, 1.54). Among subgroups, refined breads; sauces, spreads and condiments; artificially-and sugar-sweetened beverages; animal-based products; and ready-to-eat mixed dishes were associated with higher risk. Cereals; dark and whole-grain breads; packaged sweet and savory snacks; fruit-based products; and yogurt and dairy-based desserts were associated with lower risk. In the meta-analysis (415,554 participants; 21,932 T2D cases), each 10% increment in total UPF was associated with a 12% (95% CI: 10%, 13%) higher risk. Per NutriGrade, high quality evidence supports this relationship.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;High quality meta-evidence shows that total UPF consumption is associated with higher T2D risk. However, some UPF subgroups were associated with lower risk in the U.S. cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes-related metabolic abnormality may aggravate the adverse effects of iron overload on cardiovascular health. However, little is known about whether iron consumption affects coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We prospectively assessed the associations of long-term intakes of dietary iron and red meat with CHD risk among 6,161 women who reported a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS—During 54,455 person-years of follow-up from 1980 through 2000, we documented 550 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for age and BMI, high intakes of both heme iron and red meat were associated with a significantly increased risk of fatal CHD (P for trend = 0.003 and 0.018), coronary revascularization (P for trend = 0.02 and 0.06), and total CHD (P for trend = 0.0009 and 0.007). Women with the highest intake of heme iron had 50% (6–94%) increased risk of total CHD compared with those with the lowest intake. Further adjustment for other lifestyle and dietary factors did not appreciably change the associations. The positive association between heme iron and red meat intakes and CHD was more evident among postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS—Our data indicate that higher consumption of heme iron and red meat may increase CHD risk among women with type 2 diabetes.