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Δ-modulated feedback control of a linear system introduces nonlinearity into the system through switchings between two input values. It has been found that Δ-modulation gives rise to periodic orbits. The existence of periodic points of all orders of Sigma-Delta modulation with “leaky” integration is completely characterized by some interesting groups of polynomials with “sign” coefficients. The results are naturally generalized to Sigma-Delta modulations with multiple delays. Further extensions relate to the existence of periodic points arising from Δ-modulated feedback control of a stable linear system in an arbitrary direction, for which some necessary and sufficient conditions are given.
Recently, a new hyperchaos generator, obtained by controlling a three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system — Chen's system — with a periodic driving signal, has been found. In this letter, we formulate and study the hyperchaotic behaviors in the corresponding fractional-order hyperchaotic Chen's system. Through numerical simulations, we found that hyperchaos exists in the fractional-order hyperchaotic Chen's system with order less than 4. The lowest order we found to have hyperchaos in this system is 3.4. Finally, we study the synchronization problem of two fractional-order hyperchaotic Chen's systems.