Significant inter‐laboratory differences exist in values obtained for RBC folate (RBF). The objective of this methods comparison study was to generate a conversion equation that describes the relationship between RBF measured by the Immulite 2000 immunoassay and the microbiologic assay (MA). Blood was drawn from 152 healthy participants in Toronto, Canada. Folate concentrations were determined by MA (chloramphenicol‐resistant microorganism [L. Rhamnosus], calibrated with 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate) at The Hospital for Sick Children and by the Immulite 2000 immunoassay at the Health Canada Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) laboratory. A Pearson's coefficient, r, of 0.67 guided the decision to use weighted Deming regression, which accounts for random error of both X and Y and controls for proportional bias. The final weighted Deming regression model was as follows: Predicted microbiologic assay = −22.95 + 0.81*Immunoassay. For validation, the whole sample was randomly split into two groups: 1) estimation 2) validation. The same mean absolute percentage error was obtained in the validation group as in the entire sample set (23%), indicating robustness in the precision of the model's predicted values. This equation will be used to compare the RBF data from the CHMS to the US NHANES (measured by Immulite 2000 immunoassay and MA, respectively). Grant Funding Source : Canadian Institutes for Health Research Fellowship (180375) to C.K.C and Operating Grant (218776) to M.S.T, D.L.O and C.K.C
No abstract is provided for this article.
Introduction The aims of this study were to estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality and years of life lost, investigated by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil and in the states; to analyze the temporal trend of these estimates over 25 years (1990–2015) compared with global estimates and according to the socioeconomic status of states of Brazil. Methods Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) for Brazil, Brazilian states and global information were used. It was estimated the total number and the age-standardized rates of deaths and DALYs for colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015. We used the Socioeconomic Development Index (SDI). Results Physical inactivity was responsible for a substantial number of deaths (1990: 1,302; 2015: 119,351) and DALYs (1990: 31,121; 2015: 87,116) due to colorectal cancer in Brazil. From 1990 to 2015, the mortality and DALYs due to colorectal cancer attributable to physical inactivity increased in Brazil (0.6% and 0.6%, respectively) and decreased around the world (-0.8% and -1.1%, respectively). The Brazilian states with better socioeconomic indicators had higher rates of mortality and morbidity by colorectal cancer due to physical inactivity (p<0.01). Physical inactivity was responsible for deaths and DALYs due to colorectal cancer in Brazil. Conclusions Over 25 years, the Brazilian population showed more worrisome results than around the world. Actions to combat physical inactivity and greater cancer screening and treatment are urgent in the Brazilian states.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting movement behavior recommendations (i.e., ≥60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per day, ≤2 h of recreational screen time per day, and between 9 and 11 h of nightly sleep), and combinations of these recommendations, are associated with dietary patterns of children. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2011 and 2013 and included 5873 children 9–11 years of age from 12 countries around the world. MVPA and nightly sleep duration were measured using 24-hour waist-worn accelerometry. Screen time habits were assessed via self-report. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary patterns, and the whole diet was described by two components derived from principal component analysis: “healthy” and “unhealthy” dietary pattern scores. Covariates included in the multilevel statistical models included age, sex, highest parental education, and body mass index z-score. A healthier dietary pattern score was observed when more movement behavior recommendations were met. Among the three movement behaviors, limiting screen time habits to the recommended amount was most strongly associated with healthier dietary patterns. Similarly, a less unhealthy dietary pattern was observed when more movement behavior recommendations were met. Surprisingly, the highest unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with children meeting the MVPA recommendation alone. Combinations including ≤2 h of screen time per day were those most strongly associated with a less unhealthy dietary pattern. Findings were similar across study sites and in boys and girls. In conclusion, meeting more movement behavior recommendations is generally associated with better dietary patterns in children from around the world, with limiting screen time habits showing the strongest relationships.
The elastic moduli of alpha single crystal ziconium containing up to 24 at.% oxygen have been determined in the temperature range 250–520°K using an ultrasonic technique based on the phase comparison technique of McSkimin. The effect of oxygen in solid solution is shown as an increase in the values of the elastic parameters of zirconium; however, the variations in the temperature range studied follow those of the unalloyed zirconium. Using the single crystal data, the values of the technical elastic moduli at room temperature were derived and compared with actual measurements made on commercial crystal-bar polycrystalline zirconium. In agreement with a similar analysis by Fisher and Renken, the measured and calculated values for unalloyed zirconium corresponded surprisingly well.
