4,218 publications from this institution
The transistor, as the basic unit of electronics based on von Neumann architecture, is approaching the limit of Moore's law in the era of big data. Inspired by the biological system, iontronics provides an energy-efficient architecture to transmit data. Here, we used the ubiquitous solid-liquid triboelectrification to regulate the output characteristics of iontronics and proposed transistor-like triboiontronics (TTI) by work function difference. Unlike previous studies, which scavenged induced electrostatic charges from a solid surface, the triboelectric charges of liquids were also captured here, creating a record-high charge density of 13.926 mC/m2. Gated by the water droplet, TTI's gate-tunable function holds great significance for self-powered threshold sensors with high signal-to-noise ratio and enables a neurologic circuit to control robotic movements. We envision that triboiontronics will provide a new paradigm for futuristic in-sensor computing and neuromorphic analogs.
A quantum router is an elementary building block for quantum-information processing. It directs the incoming quantum signal to different routes with phase coherence. To realize scalable quantum routing, a single particle needs to deterministically and coherently route the paths of a flying qubit, which requires nonlinear interaction at the single quantum level and complicated path-data qubit control so far beyond the experimental reach. Here we demonstrate a deterministic quantum router working at microwave frequencies based on superconducting circuits, which can naturally integrate with a leading platform for quantum computing. We encode the quantum signal into a weak coherent pulse and use an entanglement witness to rigorously verify the generated entanglement between the control qubit and the path of the data qubit, thus proving quantum coherence of the routing operation. Our experiment lays the foundation for useful applications of quantum routers in quantum networks and quantum random-access memories.
Abstract High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is one of the most powerful tools used for characterizing nanomaterials, and it is indispensable for nanotechnology. This paper reviews some of the most recent developments in electron microscopy techniques for characterizing nanomaterials. The review covers the following areas: in‐situ microscopy for studying dynamic shape transformation of nanocrystals; in‐situ nanoscale property measurements on the mechanical, electrical and field emission properties of nanotubes/nanowires; environmental microscopy for direct observation of surface reactions; aberration‐free angstrom‐resolution imaging of light elements (such as oxygen and lithium); high‐angle annular‐dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); imaging of atom clusters with atomic resolution chemical information; electron holography of magnetic materials; and high‐spatial resolution electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS) for nanoscale electronic and chemical analysis. It is demonstrated that the picometer‐scale science provided by HRTEM is the foundation of nanometer‐scale technology.
Background: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is a severe autosomal recessive liver disorder of childhood that can cause cholestasis and progress to end-stage liver disease. ABCB11 gene mutations causing PFIC2 have been reported in some population groups, but not in mainland Chinese. Aims: To elucidate the existence of and characterize ABCB11 gene mutations in mainland Chinese with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and low γ glutamyltransferase (GGT). Methods: Twenty-four children presenting with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and low GGT were admitted to a tertiary paediatric hospital in eastern China from January 2004 to July 2007. All encoding exons and flanking areas of the ABCB11 gene were sequenced. Hepatic histopathology results were obtained by review of the medical record. Results: Twelve novel mutations of ABCB11 gene were found in seven patients: three nonsense mutations, six missense mutations, two splicing mutations and one intronic mutation. Giant cell transformation of hepatocytes was demonstrated in all the four patients with ABCB11 mutations and four of 12 patients without mutations in coding sequences of ABCB11 gene who received liver needle biopsy. Conclusions: ABCB11 gene mutations play an important role in Chinese patients with progressive intrahepatic cholestasis and low GGT. The characteristics of ABCB11 gene mutations in Chinese are different from other population groups. Histological examination may be helpful in diagnosis of PFIC2.
Because of the learning capacity, parallel structure, and tolerant performance of neural networks, we have used hybrid neural networks to recognize the body of a TSS-1 satellite made in Italy. A set of features based on both boundary points and a centroid of the body has been extracted from an image with the satellite body. The features have been proved to be rather stable to the changes of translation, rotation, magnification, and distortion. Therefore, object recognition with higher accuracy has been performed in this paper.
