Solar lentigines are a common feature of sun-induced skin ageing. Little is known, however, about the genetic factors contributing to their development. In this genome-wide association study, we aimed to identify genetic loci associated with solar lentigines on the face in 502 middle-aged French women. Nine SNPs, gathered in two independent blocks on chromosome 6, exhibited a false discovery rate below 25% when looking for associations with the facial lentigine score. The first block, in the 6p22 region, corresponded to intergenic SNPs and also exhibited a significant association with forehead lentigines (P = 1.37 × 10(-8) ). The second block, within the 6p21 HLA region, was associated with decreased HLA-C expression according to several eQTL databases. Interestingly, these SNPs were also in high linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-C*0701 allele (r(2) = 0.95). We replicated an association recently found by GWAS in the IRF4 gene. Finally, a complementary study on 44 selected candidate SNPs revealed novel associations in the MITF gene. Overall, our results point to several mechanisms involved in the severity of facial lentigines, including HLA/immunity and the melanogenesis pathway.
<b>Background:</b> Diet appears to play a key role in the pathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Some dietary patterns (DP) could increase the risk of triggering or worsening IBS symptoms. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between a posteriori derived DP and IBS in a large French population, the web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort. <b>Methods:</b> Study population included participants of the NutriNet-Santé study who completed a questionnaire based on Rome III criteria assessing IBS. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify major DPs based on 29 food groups' consumption. Associations between DP quintiles and IBS were investigated with multivariable logistic regressions. <b>Results:</b> 44,350 participants were included, with 2423 (5.5%) presenting IBS. Three major DP were extracted using PCA, "healthy," "western," and "traditional." After adjustments on confounders, the "western" DP was positively associated with IBS (OR <sub>Q5 vs. Q1</sub> = 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.61, <i>p</i> trend < 0.0001) and the "traditional" DP was positively associated with IBS in women (OR <sub>Q5 vs. Q1</sub> = 1.29 95% CI 1.08-1.54, <i>p</i> trend = 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> In this study, a "western" DP-highly correlated with the consumption of fatty and sugary products and snacks-was associated with a moderate increased risk of IBS.
Our study highlighted that, overall, self-reported vegetarians and vegans may meet nutritional recommendations.
We aimed to illustrate the importance of imputation models specifications, based on a study exploring the associations between subclasses of dietary polyphenols and the thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Data were collected in a long-term cohort study based on a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled nutritional trial (SU.VI.MAX 2 study). The association between polyphenols intakes and TBARS were studied using linear regression models. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation with chained equations. A total of 4,129 subjects were included in the analysis, 2,116 of whom had an available outcome measure (TBARS). Differences in selected predictors of TBARS according to the handling of missing data on both covariates and outcome (complete case analysis or multiple imputation) were observed. In the complete case analysis, none of the dietary polyphenol subclasses was found to be associated with TBARS while based on multiple imputed datasets, two polyphenol subclasses, namely catechins and hydroxybenzoic acids, could be selected as associated with TBARS. Of note, while there was a positive association between catechins and TBARS, the hydroxybenzoic acids were negatively associated with TBARS. Adequate modelling of missing data on both covariates and outcome allowed dietary catechins intake to be selected as associated with a biomarker of oxidative stress.
Polyphenols have been suggested as protective factors for a range of chronic diseases. However, studying the impact of individual polyphenols on health is hindered by the intrinsic inter-correlations among polyphenols. Alternatively, studying foods rich in specific polyphenols fails to grasp the ubiquity of these components. Studying overall dietary patterns would allow for a more comprehensive description of polyphenol intakes in the population. Our objective was to identify clusters of dietary polyphenol intakes in a French middle-aged population (35-64 years old). Participants from the primary prevention trial SUpplementation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study were included in the present cross-sectional study (n 6092; 57·8 % females; mean age 48·7 (sd 6·4) years). The fifty most consumed individual dietary polyphenols were divided into energy-adjusted tertiles and introduced in a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), leading to comprehensive factors of dietary polyphenol intakes. The identified factors discriminating polyphenol intakes were used in a hierarchical clustering procedure. Four clusters were identified, corresponding broadly to clustered preferences for their respective food sources. Cluster 1 was characterised by high intakes of tea polyphenols. Cluster 2 was characterised by high intakes of wine polyphenols. Cluster 3 was characterised by high intakes of flavanones and flavones, corresponding to high consumption of fruit and vegetables, and more broadly to a healthier diet. Cluster 4 was characterised by high intakes of hydroxycinnamic acids, but was also associated with alcohol consumption and smoking. Profiles of polyphenol intakes allowed for the identification of meaningful combinations of polyphenol intakes in the diet.
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Read moreAbstract Although nutrition has been advocated as a major determinant of healthy ageing (HA), studies investigating the link between dietary quality and HA are scarce. We investigated the association between adherence to French food-based and nutrient-based guidelines at midlife, as assessed by three dietary scores, and HA. HA was assessed in 2007–2009, among 2329 participants of the SUpplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux AntioXydants study aged 45–60 years at baseline (1994–1995) and initially free of diabetes, CVD and cancer. HA was defined as not developing any major chronic disease, good physical and cognitive functioning, no limitations in instrumental activities of daily living, no depressive symptoms, no health-related limitations in social life, good overall self-perceived health and no function-limiting pain. Data from repeated 24-h dietary records provided at baseline permitted the computation of the modified French Programme National Nutrition Santé-Guideline Score (mPNNS-GS), the Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake Dietary Score (PANDiet) and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Associations of these scores with HA were assessed by logistic regression. In 2007–2009, 42 % of men and 36 % of women met our criteria of HA. After adjustment for potential confounders, higher scores of the mPNNS-GS (OR quartile 4 v. quartile 1 1·44; 95 % CI 1·10, 1·87; P trend =0·006) and the PANDiet (1·28; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·64; P trend =0·03) were associated with higher odds of HA. We observed no association between DQI-I and HA. In conclusion, this study suggests a beneficial long-term role of high adherence to both food-based and nutrient-based French dietary guidelines for a HA process.
Read moreLe système d’information nutritionnelle cinq couleurs (5-C), destiné à être apposé sur la face avant des emballages des aliments, apparaît comme un outil permettant de différencier la qualité nutritionnelle des aliments vendus en France. Les travaux scientifiques disponibles mettent en évidence qu’il est perçu favorablement et bien compris par les consommateurs. Sa construction garantit une bonne cohérence du système par rapport aux repères de consommations du Plan national nutrition santé. Le 5-C apparaît donc comme un moyen transparent d’aider les consommateurs à orienter leurs choix vers des produits de meilleure qualité nutritionnelle.
Read moreCoffee contains various bioactives implicated with human health and disease risk. To accurately assess the effects of overall consumption upon health and disease, individual intake must be measured in large epidemiological studies. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful approach to discover biomarkers of intake for a large range of foods. Here we report the profiling of the urinary metabolome of cohort study subjects to search for new biomarkers of coffee intake. Using repeated 24-hour dietary records and a food frequency questionnaire, 20 high coffee consumers (183-540 mL/d) and 19 low consumers were selected from the French SU.VI.MAX2 cohort. Morning spot urine samples from each subject were profiled by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Partial least-square discriminant analysis of multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data clearly distinguished high consumers from low via 132 significant (p-value<0.05) discriminating features. Ion clusters whose intensities were most elevated in the high consumers were annotated using online and in-house databases and their identities checked using commercial standards and MS-MS fragmentation. The best discriminants, and thus potential markers of coffee consumption, were the glucuronide of the diterpenoid atractyligenin, the diketopiperazine cyclo(isoleucyl-prolyl), and the alkaloid trigonelline. Some caffeine metabolites, such as 1-methylxanthine, were also among the discriminants, however caffeine may be consumed from other sources and its metabolism is subject to inter-individual variation. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the biomarkers identified could be used effectively in combination for increased sensitivity and specificity. Once validated in other cohorts or intervention studies, these specific single or combined biomarkers will become a valuable alternative to assessment of coffee intake by dietary survey and finally lead to a better understanding of the health implications of coffee consumption.
Read moreImpulsivity and consideration of future consequences moderated the association between emotional eating and body weight status. This study emphasizes the importance of taking into account psychological traits in obesity prevention.
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