Abstract Background Vitamin D status may be associated with depression, but there have been inconsistencies in the reported estimates. This study aimed to examine the association of vitamin D status with depression in a large general population sample. Methods Cross-sectional data for a representative Korean sample of 1,825 people aged 19 years or older were obtained from the nationally representative Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014). Depression was defined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥10 (moderate/severe). Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between depression and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Continuous serum 25(OH)D level was categorized into quartiles. Continuous PHQ-9 scores were assessed using quantile regression. Adjustments for age, sex, marital status, level of education, lowest income quartile, body mass index, level of physical activity, chronic conditions, serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, and history of depression were used in the statistical analyses. Estimates of prevalence and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were made. Sampling weights were utilized to account for survey design effects. Results Individuals in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile level had significantly higher prevalence of depression than in the upper three quartiles (8.3% vs. 5.1%; p=0.024). No association was observed between serum 25(OH)D level and depression after adjusting for potential covariates (OR 1.48, 95%CI 0.93, 2.35; p=0.097]. However, a stronger association was observed among male respondents, with an estimated OR of 2.54 (95% CI 1.17, 5.50; p=0.018). Additionally, in the quantile regression analysis, estimates from adjusted models remained significant (β = −0.056, p=0.002). Conclusion While our findings support the association between lower vitamin D status and depression in Korean adults, additional studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
<b>Background:</b> Access to university mental health services is poorly characterized. Our objectives were to (1) assess patterns of access and (2) explore predictability of contact with student mental health services. <b>Participants:</b> Data derived from the U-Flourish study, which includes a survey of successive cohorts of incoming undergraduate students attending Queen's University, located in Ontario, Canada (Cohort 1: 2018, Cohort 2: 2019). <b>Methods:</b> Survey data sets were deterministically linked to administrative data provided by Student Wellness Services. Analyses included cross-tabulation, logistic and negative binomial regression. Predictive modeling used LASSO regression. <b>Results:</b> Baseline symptoms were robust determinants of access. For example, a PHQ-9 rating in the severe range (≥ 20) was associated with an OR of 9.71 (95% CI: 4.46-21.1). A predictive algorithm did not outperform cut point-based interpretation of PHQ-9 or GAD-7 ratings. <b>Conclusions:</b> Self-reported symptoms are consistently associated with service use, supporting the widespread use of symptom screens.
Read moreDepression screening instruments had good diagnostic performance; anxiety instruments were more variable. Identified depression and anxiety require clinical confirmation.
Read moreICU family visitation is associated with a decreased risk of psychiatric disorders in critically ill patients up to 1 year after hospital discharge.
Read moreTo assess whether exposure to increased levels of outdoor air pollution is associated with psychological depression, six annual iterations of the Canadian Community Health Survey (<i>n</i> ≈ 127,050) were used to estimate the prevalence of a major depressive episode (2011-2014) or severity of depressive symptoms (2015-2016). Survey data were linked with outdoor air pollution data obtained from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium, with outdoor air pollution represented by fine particulate matter ≤2.5 micrometers (μm) in diameter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>). Log-binomial models were used to estimate the association between outdoor air pollution and depression, and included adjustment for age, sex, marital status, income, education, employment status, urban versus rural households, cigarette smoking, and chronic illness. No evidence of associations for either depression outcomes were found. Given the generally low levels of outdoor air pollution in Canada, these findings should be generalized with caution. It is possible that a meaningful association with major depression may be observed in regions of the world where the levels of outdoor air pollution are greater, or during high pollution events over brief time intervals. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to further investigate these associations in other regions and populations.
Read moreABSTRACT Aims: To estimate temporal trends in cannabis consumption in the Canadian household population using national survey data and map changes in cannabis consumption postlegalization in 2018. Methods: In a 2-step meta-analysis approach, we first analyzed each survey year separately by estimating the weighted past-year prevalence (%) of self-reported cannabis use (including just once) with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the next step, to produce aggregate data for each survey year, we pooled prevalences using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects (determined a priori) meta-analysis model packages in R to estimate the between-study variance (τ 2 ) for the inverse variance method, and the Freeman-Tukey Double arcsine transformation. Results: In total, 29 Statistics Canada survey iterations met eligibility for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Reported past-year prevalences for cannabis use ranged from 4.2% in 1993 to 27% in 2021. The overall prevalence of past-year cannabis use was 11.4% (95% CI, 9.7%–13.3%; 22 surveys; 53,712/474,888 participants; I 2 =99.8%; τ 2 =0.0048). There was a significant increase in cannabis past-year prevalence in subgroup meta-analyses ( P <0.0001) comparing postlegalization [2018–2021: 25.0% (95% CI, 23%–27%), I 2 =96%] to prelegalization [1985–2017: 9.9% (95% CI, 9%–11%), I 2 =99%]. There was also a significant time trend, with a steady increase in the reported past-year cannabis prevalence over time from 1985 through 2021. Notably, the most recent national estimate of cannabis prevalence from 2021 was nearly 6 times the first estimate from 1985 (27% vs. 5%). Conclusions: The present study is the first to synthesize Canadian household survey data to estimate the temporal trends in cannabis consumption and is the first meta-analysis examining both the prevalence and changes postlegalization of cannabis use in Canada. The evidence indicates increasing past-year cannabis consumption and time, with a statistically significant increase postlegalization. The public health implications of these changes require further study. Objectifs: Estimer les tendances temporelles de la consommation de cannabis dans les populations des ménages canadiens à l’aide de données d’enquêtes nationales et cartographier les changements dans la consommation de cannabis après la légalisation en 2018. Méthodes: Dans une approche de méta-analyse en deux étapes, nous avons d’abord analysé chaque année d’enquête séparément en estimant la prévalence pondérée (%) au cours de la dernière année de la consommation de cannabis auto-déclarée (y compris une seule fois) dans ses intervalles de confiance à 95% (IC à 95%). Dans l'étape suivante, pour produire des données agrégées pour chaque année d’enquête, nous avons regroupé les prévalences à l’aide de la méthode d’effets aléatoires de DerSimonian et Laird (déterminé a priori) version de modèles de méta-analyse en R pour estimer la variance entre les études (2) pour la méthode de la variance inverse, et la transformation de Freeman-Tukey à double arc-sinus. Résultats: Au total, 29 itérations de l’enquête de Statistique Canada répondaient aux critères d’admissibilité à l’inclusion dans la méta-analyse. Les prévalences de consommation de cannabis signalées au cours de l’année précédente variaient de 4,2% en 1993 à 27% en 2021. La prévalence globale de la consommation de cannabis au cours de l’année précédente était de 11,4% (IC à 95%, 9,7-13,3%; 22 enquêtes; 53 712/474 888 participants; I 2 =99,8%; 2=0,0048). Il y a eu une augmentation significative dans la prévalence du cannabis au cours de l’année précédente dans les méta-analyses de sous-groupes (valeur p;0,0001) comparant les périodes post légalisation (2018–2021: 25,0% [IC à 95%, 23%–27%], I 2 =96%) à la période pré-légalisation (1985–2017: 10% [IC à 95%, 9%–11%], I 2 =99,3%). Une tendance temporelle significative a également été observée, avec une augmentation constante du nombre de cas de consommation de cannabis au cours de l’année écoulée, de 1985 à 2021. Il est à noter que l’estimation nationale la plus récente sur la prévalence du cannabis en 2021 était près de six fois la première estimation de 1985 (27% contre 5%). Conclusions: La présente étude est la première à synthétiser les données d’enquêtes auprès des ménages canadiens afin d’estimer les tendances temporelles de la consommation de cannabis. C’est aussi la première méta-analyse examinant à la fois la prévalence et les changements après la légalisation de la consommation de cannabis au Canada. Les données indiquent une augmentation de la consommation de cannabis au cours de l’année écoulée, avec une augmentation statistiquement significative après la légalisation. Les implications de ces changements en matière de santé publique nécessitent une étude plus approfondie.
Read moreAlthough neighbourhood SES combined with individual-level predictors improved the overall prediction of PTB compared with individual-level predictors alone, the detection rate was insufficient for application in clinical or public health practice. A prediction model with better predictive ability is required to effectively find women at high risk of preterm delivery.
Read moreOur findings highlight the importance of screening for depression and anxiety in patients with IBD, with particular attention to those of male sex and with a lower education level.
Read moreThese findings can be used to design information resources to meet information needs regarding depression in MS, IBD and RA.
Read moreAbstract booklet from the Department of Psychiatry's 32nd Annual Sebastian K. Littmann Research Day
Read moreThe ESSQ-19 is a new, valid, and reliable measure of patient satisfaction with epilepsy surgery that can be used in clinical and research settings.
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