Abstract Hypersexual disorder was proposed, but not accepted, for inclusion in DSM-5 as a sexual desire disorder characterized by an increased frequency and intensity of sexually motivated fantasies, arousal, urges, and enacted behavior. There are ongoing debates surrounding the nature, pathogenesis, and treatment of this putative condition. A number of conceptual models have been suggested, including a sexual desire dysregulation model, a sexual addiction and dependency model, sexual compulsivity models, and an ABC model addressing affective dysregulation (A), behavioral addiction (B), and cognitive dyscontrol (C). This chapter provides an overview of these models, as well as the relevant data on assessment, psychobiology, and intervention.
Abstract Background Although physical activity (PA) has been recognized as a favourable factor in the prevention of various diseases, including certain forms of cancer, the relationship between PA and gastric cancer (GC) is not yet fully comprehended. For this reason, this study aims provide data from a pooled analysis of case-control studies within the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project to estimate the association between leisure-time PA and the occurrence of GC. Methods Six case-control studies from StoP project collected data on leisure-time PA, for a total of 2,343 cases and 8,614 controls. Subjects were classified into three leisure-time PA categories, either none/low, intermediate or high, based on study-specific tertiles. We used a two-stage approach. Firstly, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to obtain study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) then, we used a random-effect models to obtain pooled effect estimates. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I2 statistics. We performed stratified analyses according to demographic, lifestyle and clinical covariates. Results The meta-analysis showed ORs of GC with no significant differences between intermediate vs low and high vs low PA level (OR 1.05 [95%CI 0.76-1.45]; OR 1.23 [95%CI 0.78-1.94], respectively). GC risk estimates did not strongly differ across strata of selected covariates except for age ≤ 55 years old (high vs low level: OR 0.72 [95%CI 0.55-0.94]). Conclusions An association between leisure time PA and GC, apart from some suggestion of decreased risk below age 55, was not found. This may reflect specific characteristics of GC at younger age, or the presence of a cohort effect mediating and interacting with socioeconomic determinants of GC. Key messages • An association between leisure time PA and GC, apart from some suggestion of decreased risk below age 55, was not found. • GC risk estimates did not strongly differ across strata of selected covariates except for age ≤ 55 years old.
<p>Supplementary Table 3: History of exposure to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) among cases and controls, according to different exposure definitions.</p>
Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer (HpNGC) can be as low as 1%, when infection is assessed using more sensitive tests or considering the presence of gastric atrophy. HpNGC may share a high-risk profile contributing to the occurrence of cancer in the absence of infection. We estimated the proportion of HpNGC, using different criteria to define infection status, and compared HpNGC and positive cases regarding gastric cancer risk factors. Methods: Cases from 12 studies from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project providing data on H. pylori infection status determined by serologic test were included. HpNGC was reclassified as positive (eight studies) when cases presented CagA markers (four studies), gastric atrophy (six studies), or advanced stage at diagnosis (three studies), and were compared with positive cases. A two-stage approach (random-effects models) was used to pool study-specific prevalence and adjusted odds ratios (OR). Results: Among non-cardia cases, the pooled prevalence of HpNGC was 22.4% (n = 166/853) and decreased to 7.0% (n = 55) when considering CagA status; estimates for all criteria were 21.8% (n = 276/1, 325) and 6.6% (n = 97), respectively. HpNGC had a family history of gastric cancer more often [OR = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-4.61] and were current smokers (OR = 2.16; 95% CI, 0.52-9.02). Conclusion: This study found a low prevalence of HpNGC, who are more likely to have a family history of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives. Impact: Our results support that H. pylori infection is present in most non-cardia gastric cancers, and suggest that HpNGC may have distinct patterns of exposure to other risk factors.
Read moreH3Africa research makes use of three consent models-specific, tiered and broad consent. We outlined different strategies used by H3Africa investigators to explain concepts in genomics to potential research participants. To further ensure that the decision to participate in genomic research is informed and meaningful, we recommend that innovative approaches to the informed consent process be developed, preferably in consultation with research participants, research ethics committees and researchers in Africa.
Read moreStudy participants with higher circulating concentrations of vitamin B6 had lower risk of RCC and improved survival following diagnosis in two independent cohorts.
Read moreLittle is known about the prevalence and predictors of mental disorders among injured emergency center (EC) patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Patients presenting with either an intentional or unintentional injury were recruited (N = 200). Mental health, injury, and psychological trauma histories were assessed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were conducted, and predictors of current mental disorder were identified. Diagnostic criteria for a current mental disorder, including substance use disorders, were met by 59.5% of the participants. Compared with those with an unintentional injury, the intentionally injured participants were more likely to be diagnosed with a current mental disorder (66.9% vs. 48.8%, p = .01). High frequencies of previous intentional injuries predicted for current mental disorder (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98), whereas male gender and witnessed community violence predicted substance use disorder diagnoses. The findings indicate that injured EC patients, particularly those with intentional injuries, are at risk for mental disorders. Psychosocial interventions in the EC context can potentially make an important contribution in reducing the burden of mental disorders and injuries in LMICs.
Read more<p>Supplementary Figure 2: Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between intake of proton-pump inhibitors and gastric cancer, by smoking status and alcohol drinking status.</p>
Read moreThis short and essential book [1] is addressed essentially to medical and public health students, and to anyone interested in a summary up to date presentation of cancer epidemiology and prevention. It is subdivided into four major sections, that include principles of primary and secondary cancer prevention, the current global burden of neoplasms,...
Read more<p>Supplementary Table 2: Questionnaire items used to assess exposure for each study included in the analysis.</p>
Read more<p>Supplementary Figure 2: Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between intake of proton-pump inhibitors and gastric cancer, by smoking status and alcohol drinking status.</p>
Read moreImpulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct components of cortico-subcortical circuitry. The constructs were historically viewed as diametrically opposed, with impulsivity being associated with risk-seeking and compulsivity with harm-avoidance. However, they are increasingly recognized to be linked by shared neuropsychological mechanisms involving dysfunctional inhibition of thoughts and behaviors. In this article, we selectively review new developments in the investigation of the neurocognition of impulsivity and compulsivity in humans, in order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of impulsive, compulsive, and addictive disorders and indicate new directions for research.
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 The editors-in-chief, editors, members of the editorial board and publisher of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health wish to express their sincere gratitude to the referees of the articles considered for the 2013 volume of the Journal. 
 
 
 Giuseppe Arbia
 Fabio Barbone
 Joana Bastos
 Stefania Boccia
 Anna Bossi
 Silvio Brusaferro
 Chiara Cadeddu
 Caterina Caminiti
 Giovanni Capelli
 Guido Citoni
 Gianfranco Damiani
 Antonio De Belvis
 Emma De Feo
 Elisabetta De Vito
 Chiara de Waure
 Domitilla Di Thiene
 Ana Duarte
 Bruno Federico
 Monica Ferraroni
 Alessandra Frustaci
 Carlotta Galeone
 Silvano Gallus
 Maurizio Genuardi
 Guglielmo Giraldi
 Maria Rosaria Gualano
 Carolina Ianuale
 Farhad Islami
 Giuseppe La Torre
 
 
 Patrizia Laurenti
 Laura Lauria
 Carlo La Vecchia
 Emanuele Leoncini
 Alice Mannocci
 Walter Mazzucco
 Silvia Miccoli
 Cristina Montomoli
 Eva Negri
 Nicola Nicolotti
 Caterina Palazzo
 GianCarlo Paradisi
 Patrizio Pasqualetti
 Claudio Pelucchi
 Brunella Posteraro
 Delphine Praud
 Gianluigi Quaranta
 Luca Sbrogiò
 Benedetto Simone
 Giuliana Solinas
 Maria Lucia Specchia
 Annamaria Tortorano
 Fabio Turone
 Brigid Unim
 Maria Assunta Veneziano
 Francesco Vitale
 Antonella Zambon
 Alessandro Zanetti.
 
 
Read more<p>Supplementary Figure 2: Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between intake of proton-pump inhibitors and gastric cancer, by smoking status and alcohol drinking status.</p>
Read more<p>Supplementary Figure 1: Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between intake of proton-pump inhibitors and gastric cancer, stratified by H. pylori infection and socioeconomic status (SES).</p>
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