The association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and risk of ovarian cancer has been the subject of much epidemiological debate, and published studies analyzing this association have shown controversial results. A re-analysis of data from 12 case-control studies, based on 2197 white women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, found a pooled RR of invasive ovarian cancer for ever-use of HRT of 0.9 in hospital-based and 1.1 in population-based studies, with no consistent duration-risk relationship. Some points are, however, still open to debate. It is unclear whether such a moderate increase in risk is present for all histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer, or whether it is limited to specific subgroups. In conclusion, the evidence for an association between HRT and ovarian cancer is less consistent than that for endometrial and breast cancers, and available data exclude any strong association between HRT and epithelial ovarian cancer, although a moderate positive association is possible.

The state of Amapá is located in the extreme north of Brazil, within the Amazon rainforest and is crossed by the Equator. It has a hot and humid climate with rains that last 8 months a year and 4 months of unrelenting sun that melts rubber from car seals, fries eggs on the floor and even cooks a whole egg tub, in case you forget in a car exposed to the sun . It was believed that with this potent solar incidence, the Sars-COV 2 virus would not have so much impact in this region, a terrible mistake! Today Amapá has the highest incidence of Covid-19 in the whole of Brazil, with a maid of 600 cases per hundred thousand inhabitants and in the Amazon it is the 3rd in deaths and loses in this item only to the state of Amazonas and Pará.

The authors investigated a possible association of supplemental folic acid and multivitamin use with placental abruption by using data on 280,127 singleton deliveries recorded in 1999-2004 in the population-based Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Odds ratios, adjusted for maternal age, marital status, parity, smoking, pregestational diabetes, and chronic hypertension, were estimated with generalized estimating equations for logistic regression models. Use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements before or any time during pregnancy was reported for 36.4% of the abruptions (0.38% of deliveries) and 44.4% of the nonabruptions. Compared with no use, any supplement use was associated with a 26% risk reduction of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.65, 0.84). Women who had taken folic acid alone had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.68, 0.98) for abruption, whereas multivitamin users had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.57, 0.91), relative to supplement nonusers. The strongest risk reduction was found for those who had taken both folic acid and multivitamin supplements (adjusted odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.83). These data suggest that folic acid and other vitamin supplementation during pregnancy may be associated with reduced risk of placental abruption.

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Hospital admission rates for cardiovascular diseases do not parallel the simultaneous decrease in mortality rates. The Regional Register of Cardiovascular Diseases demonstrates the possibilities for etiological research and the limitation of mortality statistics alone.

Systems that automatically process sign language rely on appropriate data. We therefore present the ATIS sign language corpus that is based on the domain of air travel information. It is available for five languages, English, German, Irish sign language, German sign language and South African sign language. The corpus can be used for different tasks like automatic statistical translation and automatic sign language recognition and it allows the specific modelling of spatial references in signing space. 1.

Two population-based surveys on coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19)-like symptoms were conducted by BVA-Doxa on representative samples of the general population from Italy and its largest region, Lombardy, with over 10 million inhabitants and heavily struck by Covid-19, on 27-30 March and 3-7 April, on a total of 2000 individuals - 353 from Lombardy. Overall, 14.2% of Italians - and 19.6% in Lombardy - reported Covid-19-like symptoms. The estimated prevalence was higher in the young, in smokers, and in Lombardy over the period 20 March to 7 April. Although the influenza season was ended by mid-March, at least part of the symptoms may be not Covid-19 related. Even assuming that only half are, at least 7% of Italians and 10% in Lombardy had been affected by Covid-19. To these, asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic cases have to be added. These estimates are at least one or two orders of magnitude larger than official registered cases. This has major implications for cancer prevention, management and treatment.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the prevalence of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE),a specific entity affecting the visceral pleura and subpleural parenchyma. The main aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of PPFE in two large cohorts of SSc patients and to assess its impact on survival and functional decline. A total of 359 SSc patients,derived from two referral centers in two different countries (UK and Italy), were included. The first available high-resolution computed tomography scan was independently evaluated by two radiologists to quantify ILD extent, lobar percentage involvement of PPFE and freestanding bronchial abnormalities.Discordant scores were adjudicated by a third scorer.PPFE extent was further classified as limited or extensive. Results were evaluated against functional decline and mortality.Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to investigate determinants of mortality. The overall prevalence of PPFE in the combined SSc population was 18%(11% with extensive PPFE), with no substantial difference between the two cohorts. PPFE was independently linked to worse survival on a multivariable analysis,including age, ILD severity, short term functional decline, pulmonary hypertension, and body mass index (HR 2.07,95% CI 1.15-3.72;p<0.001).A significant association with free-standing bronchial abnormalities was also found (p<0.0001). The present study provides a thorough assessment of PPFE prevalence, associations and clinical impact in the largest cohort of SSc subjects published to date. PPFE presence should be carefully considered, due to its prognostic implications.